Second lecture Flashcards
________(= Water pills) increase urine volume
DIuretics
__________increase renal sodium excretion (= Diuretics)
Natriuretics
___________increase excretion of solute-free water (Osmotic diuretics ex:mannitol, ADH antagonists)
Aquaretics
___________block urea transport result in increased urine output
Urearetics
___________excretion of urine, when excessive (polyuria)
Diuresis
Diuretics induce diuresis by promoting the increased production and excretion of urine from the kidneys
Why do we need diuretics?
Regulate fluid balance
Prevent/Treat Electrolyte Imbalances
Reduce _________
Treat _______________
Manage Heart Failure
Slow CKD progression
edema
hypertension
Which part of the nephron is least water-permeable? Thick ascending limb (TAL)
Principles of Diuretic Action
Reducing extracellular fluid volume by decreasing
total-body NaCl content
________________ is a problem with any diuretic that increases Na+ delivery to the collecting tubule.
➔ Blood pressure, electrolyte, water, plasma pH
Potassium wasting
Major expression site in the renal tubule
PCT- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) and Sodium Glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2)
Thin descending limb of loop of Henle- absorption of water
Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle- NKCC2
DCT-NCC, parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Collecting duct-mineralcorticoid receptor (MR), vasopressin V2 receptor, aquaporin-2 (AQP2)
Drugs that modify salt excretion
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors(acetazolamide) which works where?
PCT
Drugs that modify salt excretion
Loop diuretics (furosemide) which work where?
In the loop of Henle
Drugs that modify salt excretion
Thiazides(hydrochlorolothiazide) which work where
DCT
Drugs that modify salt excretion
K+ sparing diuretics (spironolocatone) which works where?
collecting duct
Drugs that modify water excretion and drugs that modify salt excretion is osmotic diuretics (mannitol)
Drugs that modify water excretion
ADH antagonists (conivaptan) and ADH agonists _____________
desmopressin (ADH agonists)
Describe how plasma potassium is regulated
_________ mechanisms that conserve or eliminate potassium
A ___________ between the ICF and ECF compartments
renal mechanisms
transcellular shift
