Renal

Question 1

__________ – Detoxing the blood using energy

20-25% of the cardiac output at rest
7-10% of total-body O2 intake

Answer 1

Kidney

Question 2

Functions of the Kidneys

1. Excretion
   2.Homeostatic functions
   3.___________functions

Answer 2

Endocrine

Question 3

Excretion of wastes
Filtration–>___________/Secretion—>

Answer 3

Reabsorption

Excretion

Question 4

Urine formation

Nitrogenous wastes
_________,ammonia from amino acids

__________from creatine phosphate

__________from nucleic acids

Foreign substances (drugs, environmental toxins)

Answer 4

urea

Creatinine

Uric acid

Question 5

Regulation of blood ionic composition
Control blood ________ levels by adjusting the excretion of ions in urine

Sodium ions (Na+)
Potassium ions (K+)
Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Chloride ions (Cl−)
Phosphate ions (HPO42−)

Answer 5

ion levels

Question 6

Regulation of blood pH

Excrete a variable amount of __________ ions (H+) into the urine

Conserve ____________ ions (HCO3−), an important buffer of H+ in the blood

NH4+ regulation

Answer 6

hydrogen ions

bicarbonate

Question 7

Kidney does Regulation of blood volume

Adjust blood volume by conserving or eliminating
water in the urine.

Question 8

An increase in blood volume (BV)
increases blood pressure (BP)

Question 9

A decrease in blood volume (BV)
decreases blood pressure (BP)

Question 10

Regulation of Blood Pressure

Regulate blood pressure by secreting the
enzyme __________

Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
(RAAS)

Increased renin → _________ in BP

Answer 10

renin

Increase

Question 11

Production of hormones

______________
Production of RBCs

Answer 11

Erythropoietin

Question 12

Production of hormones

_____________

Active form of vitamin D

Calcium homeostasis

Answer 12

Calcitriol

Question 13

Kidney’s function : Maintenance of Blood Osmolarity

Maintain a blood osmolarity 300 milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/liter) ___________

Answer 13

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Question 14

Kidneys function:
Regulation of blood glucose level

Use the glutamine in gluconeogenesis
→ release glucose into the blood

Question 15

_________ - Functional units of the kidney

Answer 15

Nephron

Question 16

Renal corpuscle
= ______________
+ Glomerulus

Answer 16

glomerular capsule

Question 17

The primary site of urine concentration?
A. Juxtamedullary nephrons
B. Cortical nephrons

Answer 17

A. Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 18

Renal Circulation

Renal artery
→→→ Afferent arteriole → __________ → Efferent arteriole
→ ___________/Vasa recta
→→→ Renal vein

Answer 18

glomerulus

peritubular capillaries

Question 19

Nephron tubule covered by peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Blood enters and leaves glomerular capillaries at high pressure, causing fluid to ________ the tubule.

The peritubular network _______ filtered fluid from the tubular lumen.

Answer 19

filter into

reabsorbs