Agents "" Flashcards
Nitric oxide leads to vasodilation
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers(ARBs)
MOA: Inhibition of _________(= AT1R)
Inhibition of Ang II-induced
AT1
ARBs (~SARTAN)
Losartan (Cozaar)
Candesartan (___________) - Prodrug hydrolyzed in GI
Valsartan (Diovan)
Irbesartan (___________)
Atacand
Avapor
ARBs – Uses and ADRs
Uses
________________
Doesn’t cause _________ (like ACE-Is)
hypertension
cough
ADRs of ARBs
(similar to ACEIs but less or no cough)
Teratogenic potential
________________
angioedema
Renin inhibitors
____________ (Tekturna) blocks renin and blocks the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I which leads to a decrease ______________
Aliskiren
Blood pressure
Aliskiren (renin inhibitor)
Uses
Effective ____________
Recommended for patients intolerant to other anti-hypertensives
anti-hypertensive
Renin inhibitors Adverse drug reactions
_________, hypotension, hyperkalemia (can ppt arrhythmia)
________________ (swelling of tongue, lips )
Contraindicated
__________
especially patients with diabetes, renal impairment
rash
angioedema
ACEI and ARBs
ACE Inhibitors, ARBs and Aliskiren
Avoid in ____________ (teratogenic)
Angioedema
Hyperkalemia
pregnancy
ACE inhibitors adverse drug reaction can cause: dry, hacking ____________
cough
Let’s think logically! Where would be the best place to detect
NaCl for further fine-tuning to maintain homeostasis?
collecting duct
1.Since the TAL(thick ascending limb of loop of Henle) plays a key role in reabsorbing Na⁺ and generating the concentration gradient, the tubular fluid arriving at the macula densa reflects the effectiveness of upstream reabsorption processes.
2.If Na⁺ levels are high, the macula densa signals to reduce filtration at the glomerulus (via TGF), preventing excessive loss of Na⁺ and fluid. HOW? By Angiotensin II, Aldosterone and ADH?
3.If Na⁺ levels are low, the macula densa stimulates renin release from ___________ cells, activating the RAAS to promote Na⁺ and water retention downstream.
granular cells
By monitoring Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels, it ensures that filtration and reabsorption are balanced. Its placement ensures it can integrate the results of upstream Na⁺ reabsorption with downstream regulatory needs, fine-tuning the nephron’s function for homeostasis.
Angiotensin II (Ang II) Decreases Renin Release! through negative feedback
