Renal 6th Flashcards
___________increases total peripheral resistance (TPR)
and alters renal function and cardiovascular structure
angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
Peripheral resistance
leads to increase vasoconstriction–>increase norepinephrine neurotransmission, increase norepinephrine release, increase norepinephrine reuptake;
endothelial dysfunction; reduced NO production
acute pressor response
Angiotensin II
Renal function
increase sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule, increase aldosterone release from adrenal cortex (increase sodium reabsorption and K+ excretion from distal nephrons)
_________renin release
decrease
Angiotensin II
Cardiovascular structure
ECM protein production
_________and vascular remodeling
Cardiac and vascular remodeling
Actions on cardiovascular system
1. Rapid pressor response - Peripheral Resistance
Direct vasoconstriction → _________ in arterial BP
Increase in sympathetic discharge [___________ (NE)]
________ in nitric oxide (NO) production
Increase in secretion of of_____________________ (ADH)
increase
norepinephrine
decrease
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Slow pressor response- Renal Function
Stimulates release and synthesis of _________
aldosterone
Cardiovascular Structure: Cardiac hypertrophy and
remodeling
__________of vascular cells and cardiac myocytes
Hypertrophy
Which one is more potent to raise BP, NE or Ang II?
Angiotensin II
Effects of Ang II on Renal Blood Flow: (↓RBF)
Direct Mechanisms:
_______ renal vascular smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System (CNS) Effect:
________ renal sympathetic tone.
Constricts
Enhances
Effects on GFR in Normal Conditions: (↓GFR)
* Angiotensin II slightly reduces GFR:
* Constriction of afferent arterioles → Reduces GFR.
* Contraction of mesangial cells → Decreases GFR.
* Constriction of efferent arterioles → Increases GFR
What happens if the Renin-Angiotensin System is
blocked in patients with narrowing in renal arteries
(renal artery stenosis)?
It ________Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
leads to Potential for acute renal failure
↓Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
decreases
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin-receptor blockers lead to ________efferent arteriole constriction
decrease
Permeability of Molecules to Lipid Bilayer
O2, _____, N2, and steroid hormones
CO2
can diffuse through the
membrane while HCO3
- cannot!
How are ions able to pass through the
plasma membrane?
by using transporter
Drugs move across membrane and
cellular barriers in a variety of ways
________________________
They do not directly use ATP but rely on energy stored in ion gradients created by primary active transport.
The flow of one substance downhill provides the energy to transport another substance uphill.
Secondary active transporters
Sodium potassium ATPase uses energy which means sodium is pumped out to the cell and potassium will be inside
diffusion is passive transport
_________transport–>can cross btwn cells
paracellular transport
