Renal 2nd deck Flashcards
Structure of the Nephron
- Capillary structures
(Glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta) - Bowman’s capsule (= Glomerular capsule)
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Loop of Henle (LH)
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- Collecting duct
Renal corpuscle
= Glomerulus
+ Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
Fluid movement in Glomerulus
1. Capillary ___________
- Capillary colloidal osmotic pressure
- Capillary permeability
hydrostatic pressure
Why is capillary hydrostatic pressure high?
Arterioles are ________ vessels, and the afferent arteriole
has a ________ diameter than the efferent arteriole.
high-resistant
larger
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
GFR is regulated by the constriction and relaxation
of the ________and _________arterioles.
afferent and efferent
↑RBF → ↑HPgc (___________ in glomerulus) → ↑GFR
hydrostatic pressue
Constriction of E.A. → ↑Resistance to outflow from the glomeruli
→ ↑Glomerular pressure → ↑GFR
Constriction of A.A. → ↓Renal blood flow (RBF)
→ ↓ Glomerular pressure → ↓ GFR
Is it better to have a higher GFR?
A. 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
B. 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often with a progressive __________in GFR
decline
GFR Levels: Indicators of Kidney Health
- A GFR of 60 or higher is in the normal range
A GFR below 60 may mean kidney disease
A GFR of 15 or lower may mean kidney failure
Glomerular Filtration Membrane
= _________ endothelial cells
+ ________ membrane
+ Podocytes (Epithelium?)
Fenestrated
basement
_______ - the portion of the blood that is
filtered into the capsule space
Filtrate
___________- small perforations on the
endothelial layer of glomerulus → allow
movement of small molecular weight
solutes out of the capillary lumen
Fenestrations
Can red blood cells (RBCs) and albumin filter through the
glomerulus into the capsular space?
NO
How about ions, water, and glucose can they be filtered through the glomerulus into the capsular space?
YES
Basement membrane is negatively charged.
Cationic ions can pass through
Anionic ions CANNOT pass through
Almost any molecule smaller than 3 nm can pass freely through the filtration membrane into the capsular space
