Renal 3rd deck Flashcards
Which one shows normal kidney filtration?
Adrenergic receptors in the kidneys
Alpha1(α1) Smooth muscle in the afferent arterioles
Second messenger: increase in ___________, DAG
major functions:↑Ca2+
→ ↑Vasoconstriction
→ ↓GFR
IP3
Beta1 (β1) found where?
Granular cells
Beta 1 receptor second messenger? increase in _______________________
cAMP
major functions of alpha receptors :increase ______________
→ increase Vasoconstriction
→ ______________GFR
increase calcium with alpha receptors
decrease glomerular filtration
Major functions of beta receptors: increase ___________
increase heart rate
increase renin release with beta receptors
When BP is low → low GFR → low Urine
Low BP signal increases sympathetic NS → _______/E (epinephrine)
→ Beta1 → Heart Rate up, JG cells to secrete _______
→ Alpha1 → A.A. constriction → ________GFR
norepinephrine
renin
less GFR
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
= ____________ cells
+ Granular cells (= _____________cells)
macula densa cells
Juxtaglomerular
Granular cells contain granules
of renin, which they secrete in
response to a ________ in BP
drop
The afferent and the efferent arterioles are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and are sensitive to _______________.
angiotensin II
Regulation of renal blood flow (RBF)
Intrinsic mechanism (= Renal autoregulation)
Myogenic regulation
_________________ (TGF)
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Regulation of renal blood flow (RBF)
Extrinsic mechanism
Neural regulation
Humoral/__________ regulation (Ang II, ADH,NO,PGE2, PGI1)
hormonal
Which organ is more powerful to control RBF:
the heart or the kidneys?
heart
Extrinsic mechanism > Intrinsic mechanism
Intrinsic controls(renal autoregulation) act ________ to maintain GFR, while extrinsic controls, mediated by the nervous and endocrine systems, maintain _____________ BP
act locally
systemic
While the ______________controls are aimed at maintaining BP, they also maintain RBF since bringing BP back up allows the kidneys to maintain RBF.
extrinsic controls
When BP becomes very low or very high, the kidneys rely more on external controls rather than its own systems to protect the ___________ and other important organs from damage
brain
Intrinsic mechanism
Myogenic regulation
A direct effect on vascular smooth muscle on the blood vessels to relax or to constrict depending on pressure.
increase RBF
→ increase Pressure
→ Activate _______ receptor in afferent arteriole (AA)
→ ↑AA contraction → ______________RBF
→ ______________Renin from JG cells
stretch
decrease
decrease
