Renal 4th Flashcards
Intrinsic mechanism
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)
A direct effect on vascular smooth
muscle on the blood vessels to relax or
to constrict depending on pressure.
↑RBF
→ _________GFR
→ ↑ NaCl in the filtrate detected
by macula densa
→ Releases ___________→ Vasoconstriction of AA via
___________receptor
→ decrease Renin release in JG cells
→ decrease angiotensin II → ↓RBF →_________GFR → ↓NaCl
increased GFR
adenosine
Adenosine A1
decreased GFR
Extrinsic mechanism
Neural regulation
Norepinephrine (NE) acts on α1 adrenergic
receptors located on the smooth muscle cells of
the afferent arterioles (AA), leading to
vasoconstriction and a decrease in GFR.
increase Activation sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
→ ↑NE
→ Activate ______receptors
→ Vasoconstriction of AA
→↓RBF →________GFR
alpha receptors
decrease GFR
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by renin.
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by ________(angiotensin converting enzyme)
Angiotensin II goes to adrenal cortex
ACE
Aldosterone increases _________, increases water, and increases blood pressure
sodium
Extrinsic mechanism
Hormonal regulation - RAAS
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
System (RAAS) is the body’s main
mechanism for _____________ BP
increasing
Extrinsic mechanism
Hormonal regulation - RAAS
↓ BP → _______Renin release in JG
cells by
1. Activate __________
- Activate macula densa cells
- ↓BP → ______Stretch → Activate
mechanoreceptors in JG cells →
________Renin
→ increase Ang II → increase Aldosterone
increase renin
B1-adrenoreceptor
decrease stretch
increase
Control of Renin secretion
- ___________ pathway
- Macula densa pathway (including TGF, Ang II)
- _______________ receptor pathway
Baroreceptor
B-adrenergic receptor
Active renin release is controlled by the
a renal vascular receptor, macula densa, the
sympathetic nervous system, and negative
feedback by Ang II.
Baroreceptor pathway
increase pressure in renal arteriole which leads to decrease renin secretion
Activated renal baroceptor
increaseCytosolic Ca2
decrease renin
Macula densa pathway
NKCC2 is the transporter located in macula densa
macula densa pathway
increase in sodium chloride which leads an increase in what?
increase in adenosine
Macula densa pathway
increase in NaCl
increases Na/K-ATPase
increase ADO (Adenosine (ADO)
decreases cAMP
decreases Renin
Macula densa pathway
Increase in NaCl leads to an increase in ATP which leads to a decrease in renin secretion
Macular densa pathway
increase in NaCl
increases ATP
increases Ca2+
decreases Renin
Macula densa pathway
decrease Chronic NaCl
_________prostaglandins
increase
Chronic dietary Na+
restriction increases COX-2
expression in MD cells? (Yes/No)
NSAIDs inhibit renin release? (Yes/No)
Loop diuretics block the reabsorption of NaCl at the
Macula densa. If so, do they increase renin release?
(Yes/No)
ACEIs, ARBs, and renin inhibitors block negativefeedback mechanism of Ang II, leading to renin release.
(True/False)
True
Beta1 adrenergic receptor antagonists decrease renin
secretion (True/False)
True
