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Human Anatomy > Second half of chapter 8 > Flashcards

Second half of chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The Pectoral Girdle

A

Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) supports the arm
Consists of two bones on each side of the body
Clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade)
Scapula articulates with the clavicle and the humerus

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2
Q

Scapula

A

Scapula—named for resemblance to a shovel

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3
Q

The Upper Limb

A

Upper limb is divided into four regions containing a total of 30 bones per limb

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4
Q

The Upper Limb-

Brachium (arm proper)

A

Brachium (arm proper): extends from shoulder to elbow

Contains only 1 bone—humerus

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5
Q

The Upper Limb-

Antebrachium (forearm)

A

Antebrachium (forearm): extends from elbow to wrist

Contains 2 bones—radius and ulna

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6
Q

The Upper Limb-

Carpus (wrist)

A

Carpus (wrist)

Contains 8 small bones arranged in two rows

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7
Q

The Upper Limb-Manus (hand)

A

Manus (hand)
19 bones in two groups
5 metacarpals in palm
14 phalanges in fingers

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8
Q

The Carpal Bones

A

Eight bones form wrist
Allow movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Two rows (four bones each)

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9
Q

The Metacarpal Bones

A

Metacarpals—bones of the palm
Metacarpal I proximal to base of thumb
Metacarpal V proximal to base of little finger

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10
Q

Phalanges

A 
Phalanges—bones of the fingers
Thumb or pollex has two phalanges
Proximal, distal phalanx
Fingers have three phalanges
Proximal, middle,  distal phalanx
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11
Q

The Pelvic Girdle

A 
Pelvic girdle—a ring composed of three bones.Two hip (coxal) bones (also called ossa coxae or innominate bones)
One sacrum (also part of vertebral column)
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12
Q

The Pelvic Girdle-pelvis

A

Pelvis—the pelvic girdle plus ligaments and muscles that line the pelvic cavity and form its floor

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13
Q

The Pelvic Girdle

Sacroiliac joint

A

Sacroiliac joint—joins coxal bone to vertebral column

Auricular surface of ileum to auricular surface of sacrum

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14
Q

The Pelvic Girdle

Pubic symphysis

A

Pubic symphysis—the interpubic disc (of fibrocartilage) joins pubic bones anteriorly

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15
Q

The Lower Limb

A

Lower limb divided into four regions containing 30 bones per limb

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16
Q 
The Lower Limb
Femoral region (thigh)
A 
Femoral region (thigh): extends from hip to knee region
Contains femur and patella
17
Q 
The Lower Limb
Crural region (leg proper)
A 
Crural region (leg proper): extends from knee to ankle 
Contains medial tibia and lateral fibula
18
Q 
The Lower Limb
Tarsal region (tarsus):
A 
Tarsal region (tarsus): ankle—the union of the crural region with the foot 
Tarsal bones are considered part of the foot
19
Q 
The Lower Limb
Pedal region (pes)
A 
Pedal region (pes): foot
Composed of  7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges in the toes
20
Q

The Femur

A

Longest and strongest bone of the body

Hemispherical head articulates with acetabulum of pelvis

21
Q

Tibia

A

Tibia—thick, medial, leg bone
Only weight-bearing bone of the crural region
Anterior border—sharp, angular (“shin-bone”)

22
Q

The Fibula

A

Fibula—slender, lateral strut that helps stabilize ankle

Does not bear any body weight

23
Q

The Ankle and Foot

Talus

A

Talus is most superior tarsal bone

Forms ankle joint with tibia and fibula

24
Q

The Ankle and Foot

Calcaneus

A

Calcaneus—largest tarsal bone
Forms heel
Distal portion is point of attachment for calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

25
Q

The Ankle and Foot

Tarsal bones

A

Tarsal bones—in ankle

Differ from carpal bones due to load-bearing role of the ankle

26
Q

The Ankle and Foot
Metatarsals
(The rest of the foot bones resemble the hand bones in name and arrangement)

A

Metatarsals
Metatarsal I is proximal to the great toe (hallux)
Metatarsal V is proximal to the little toe
Proximal base, intermediate shaft, and distal head

27
Q

The Ankle and Foot
Phalanges
(The rest of the foot bones resemble the hand bones in name and arrangement)

A 
Phalanges
Two in great toe
Proximal and distal phalanx
Three in all other toes
Proximal, middle, distal phalanx
28
Q

Adaptations

A

Adaptations
Strong, springy foot arches
Great toe not opposable
Femurs angle inward so knees are closer together—erect posture requires less muscular effort
Viscera supported in bowl-shaped pelvis
Insertions of gluteal muscles differ from other primates

29
Q

Appendicular skeleton, know where

A 
appending upper extremity (Hand,forearm,upper arm, shoulder and clavicle)
Lower extremity (feet, calve, thigh, pelvis)
30
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Shallow cup to link the arm to the shoulder. Head of the humorous in the glenoid.

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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