Second half of Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the sodium -potassium pump’s job?

Answer 1

Recharging battery (cells)

Question 2

What is an endocytosis?

Answer 2

Vesicular processes that bring material into cell.

Question 3

Define phagocytosis and Pinocytosis?

Answer 3

Phagocytosis: “cell eating” engulfing large particles.Keeps tissues free of debris and infectious microbes.
Pinocytosis:”cell drinking” taking in droplets of ECF but does not wrap around.

Question 4

What is a receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Answer 4

particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane. More selective, enables cells to take in specific molecules that bind to extracellular receptors.

Question 5

What is Clathrin-coated vesicle in cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Uptake of LDL from bloodstream

Question 6

Exocytosis?

Answer 6

Secreting material, replacement of plasma membrane removed by endocytosis.

Question 7

Cytoskeleton

Answer 7

Network of protein filaments and cylinders.
Determines cell shape, supports structure, organizes cell contents, direct movement of material within cell, contributes to movements of the cell as a whole.

Question 8

What is a microfilaments?

Answer 8

Made with actin protein, forms terminal web to give cell strength.

Question 9

intermediate filaments

Answer 9

intermediate filaments, within skin cells made of protein keratin. gives cell shape, resist stress.

Question 10

Microtubules

Answer 10

Consist of protofilaments made of protein tubulin. Radiate from centerosome; can come and go.

Question 11

Internal structure of organelles

Answer 11

of a cell carry out specialized and metabolic tasks

Question 12

Membranous organelles

Answer 12

nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.

Question 13

Nonmembranous organelles

Answer 13

Ribosomes,centrosomes,centrioles, basal bodies.

Question 14

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

System of channels (cisternae) enclosed by membrane.

Question 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Parallel, flattened sacs covered with ribosomes.
Continuous with outer membrane o nuclear envelope. Produces phospholipids and proteins of the plasma membrane.
synthesizes protein that are packaged in other organelles or secreted from cell

Question 16

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 16

Synthesizes steroids and other lipids, Detoxifies alcohol and other drugs. Calcium storage, Rough and Smooth ER are functionally different parts of the same network

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Small granules of proteins and RNA. RNA are messengers.

Question 18

What is the Golgi complex?

Answer 18

A system of cisternae that synethesizes carbohydrates and puts finishing touches on protien synthesis. Golgi vesicles, there are different types, it is right next to the ER.

Question 19

How does one store sugar?

Answer 19

Glycogene

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Package of enzymes bound by a membrane.

Question 21

What are Proteosomes?

Answer 21

Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of surplus proteins. Contain enzymes that break down tagged, tagged proteins into short peptides and AMINO ACIDS.

Question 22

Define the Mitchocondria

Answer 22

Organells specialized for synthesizing ATP. Continially cahnge shaoe from spheroidal to threa like. Surrounds by a double membrane. Contains martix with holds ribosomes,enzymes used for ATP synthesis,small circular DNA molecule. POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.

Question 23

Each gram of fat contains what?

Answer 23

Each gram of fat has two times amount of energy than sugar.

Question 24

What are triglycerides(neutral fats)

Answer 24

Three fatty acids linked by glycerol, each bond formed by dehydration synthesis and broken down by hydrolysis. THREE CARBON BACK-BONE ATTACHED TO FATTY ACID.

Question 25

What do plants have but animals do not have?

Answer 25

They have a double bond. YOU ARE YOUR PROTIENS.

Question 26

What is ATP?

Answer 26

Best known Nucleotide, stands for Adenine (nitrogenous base), Ribose(sugar) and Phosphate groups(3)