Second half of Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the sodium -potassium pump’s job?
Recharging battery (cells)
What is an endocytosis?
Vesicular processes that bring material into cell.
Define phagocytosis and Pinocytosis?
Phagocytosis: “cell eating” engulfing large particles.Keeps tissues free of debris and infectious microbes.
Pinocytosis:”cell drinking” taking in droplets of ECF but does not wrap around.
What is a receptor-mediated endocytosis?
particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane. More selective, enables cells to take in specific molecules that bind to extracellular receptors.
What is Clathrin-coated vesicle in cytoplasm?
Uptake of LDL from bloodstream
Exocytosis?
Secreting material, replacement of plasma membrane removed by endocytosis.
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments and cylinders.
Determines cell shape, supports structure, organizes cell contents, direct movement of material within cell, contributes to movements of the cell as a whole.
What is a microfilaments?
Made with actin protein, forms terminal web to give cell strength.
intermediate filaments
intermediate filaments, within skin cells made of protein keratin. gives cell shape, resist stress.
Microtubules
Consist of protofilaments made of protein tubulin. Radiate from centerosome; can come and go.
Internal structure of organelles
of a cell carry out specialized and metabolic tasks
Membranous organelles
nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.
Nonmembranous organelles
Ribosomes,centrosomes,centrioles, basal bodies.
endoplasmic reticulum
System of channels (cisternae) enclosed by membrane.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Parallel, flattened sacs covered with ribosomes.
Continuous with outer membrane o nuclear envelope. Produces phospholipids and proteins of the plasma membrane.
synthesizes protein that are packaged in other organelles or secreted from cell
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizes steroids and other lipids, Detoxifies alcohol and other drugs. Calcium storage, Rough and Smooth ER are functionally different parts of the same network
Ribosomes
Small granules of proteins and RNA. RNA are messengers.
What is the Golgi complex?
A system of cisternae that synethesizes carbohydrates and puts finishing touches on protien synthesis. Golgi vesicles, there are different types, it is right next to the ER.
How does one store sugar?
Glycogene
Lysosomes
Package of enzymes bound by a membrane.
What are Proteosomes?
Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of surplus proteins. Contain enzymes that break down tagged, tagged proteins into short peptides and AMINO ACIDS.
Define the Mitchocondria
Organells specialized for synthesizing ATP. Continially cahnge shaoe from spheroidal to threa like. Surrounds by a double membrane. Contains martix with holds ribosomes,enzymes used for ATP synthesis,small circular DNA molecule. POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.
Each gram of fat contains what?
Each gram of fat has two times amount of energy than sugar.
What are triglycerides(neutral fats)
Three fatty acids linked by glycerol, each bond formed by dehydration synthesis and broken down by hydrolysis. THREE CARBON BACK-BONE ATTACHED TO FATTY ACID.
What do plants have but animals do not have?
They have a double bond. YOU ARE YOUR PROTIENS.
What is ATP?
Best known Nucleotide, stands for Adenine (nitrogenous base), Ribose(sugar) and Phosphate groups(3)
