First half to Chapter 3

Question 1

Highlights to note

Answer 1

Lipids do not include palmiers
Oxygen pulls harder on atoms.
Water is not charged

Question 2

Highlights to note continued

Answer 2

glycogen and glucose supply animals energy
Plants get energy from starch
Know ionic and covalent bonds

Question 3

What is cytology and Cell theory

Answer 3

Cytology is a scientific study of cells

call theory examples, all organisms are composed of cells, cell is the simplest structural and functional unit of life.

Question 4

How many types of cells are there?

Answer 4

about 200 types of cells in human body with varied shapes.

Question 5

What is the Human Cell Size?

Answer 5

Most cells about 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. Limit on cells : an overly large cell cannot support itself, may rupture.

Question 6

What are basic components of a cell?

Answer 6

Plasma (cell) membrane, surrounds cell, defines boundaries.
Cytoplasm are organelles, cytoskleton, inclusions, cystol(intracellular fluid ICF)
Etracellular fluid, fluid outside of cells, includes tissue.

Question 7

What is the plasma membrane and functions?

Answer 7

plasma membrane is the border of the cell.
Functions are defined cell boundaries, governs interactions with other cells, controls passage of materials in and out of cell.

Question 8

What are phospholipids ?

Answer 8

Only two fatty acids, they are main components of lipids. (Hydrophilic meaning loving lipids)(hydrophobic meaning fearing lipids)

Question 9

What are Membrane proteins?

Answer 9

2% of the molecules but 50% of the weight of membrane

Question 10

What are integral proteins?

Answer 10

They penetrate into the lipids.

Question 11

What are transmembrane proteins?

Answer 11

They penetrate and go all the way through.

Question 12

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 12

Touches but does not penetrate the lipids.

Question 13

Functions of membrane proteins are what?

Answer 13

There are receptors, chemical messengers. Chanel, which is constantly open. Gated which opens for certain things. Identity, identifies and distinguishes. Adhesion, blinds one cell to another.

Question 14

What are enzymes ?

Answer 14

Catalyze reactions including digestion of molecules, production of second messenger.

Question 15

Define carriers?

Answer 15

Bind solutes and transfer them across membrane.

Question 16

What are Cillia

Answer 16

Antenna for monitoring nearby conditions. Helps with balance in inner ear; light detection in retina.

Question 17

Cillia continued, What is axoneme and dynein arms?

Answer 17

Axoneme is core of motile cilium, has 9 groups of two’s and 2 in the center. Dynein arms uses ATP which is how we store energy.

Question 18

What is Flagella ?

Answer 18

It is in the tail of a sperm, the point is to move things.

Question 19

What is pseudopods?

Answer 19

Continually changing extensions of cells that vary in shape and size.

Question 20

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 20

Net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration. Molecules collide and bounce off one another. It does not require a membrane and Things always go high to low unless you put energy in it.

Question 21

What is Osmosis?

Answer 21

Semi-permeable membrane it was H2O but NOT sucrose, sucrose cannot move but H20 can

Question 22

What is Hypotonic and hypertonic ?

Answer 22

Hypotonic has a lower concentration and hypertonic have a higher concentration.

Question 23

What are Transport proteins ?

Answer 23

Transport proteins in membrane carry solutes into or out of cell or organelle.

Question 24

Membranes are what out of what?

Answer 24

Membrane is made out of lipids. Does not like water but made aqua porins to specify just for water.

Question 25

Define a Uniport?

Answer 25

Uniport- carries one type of solute(facilitated diffusion- making diffusion easier)

Question 26

Define a Symport?

Answer 26

Symport- carries two or more solutes simultaneously in same direction. (secondary active transport- active but not use ATP directly)

Question 27

Define an Antiport?

Answer 27

Carries two or more solutes in opposite directions.(Primary active transport- using ATP directly)

Question 28

What exactly is the sodium potassium pump?

Answer 28

Pumps Na+-K pump, exchanges that for ATP.

Question 29

Every cell in your body is ?

Answer 29

Every cell in your body is a battery.

Question 30

Wha is a Na+- k+ pump functions?

Answer 30

Maintains steep NA+ concentration gradient allowing for a secondary active transport.

Question 31

What purpose does the secondary active transport have?

Answer 31

Carrier moves solute through membrane but only uses ATP indirectly. Example being Sodium-glucose transport, sodium goes down for glucose to go up.