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Marine > Seawater > Flashcards

Seawater Flashcards

1
Q

hydrogen

A

1 proton, 1 electron

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2
Q

oxygen

A

8 protons, 8 electrons

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3
Q

ions

A

electrically charged

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4
Q

kinetic energy

A

vibrations of atoms

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5
Q

ice formation

A

hexagonal structure when ice

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6
Q

is ice or water more dense

A

water

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7
Q

what happens when temperature increases

A

molecules move apart and becomes less dense

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8
Q

water molecule

A

1 hydrogen, 2 oxygen, shares 2 electrons in covalent bond

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9
Q

uneven distribution of charges

A

oxygen slightly negative, hydrogen positive but molecule is neutral overall

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10
Q

hydrogen bond

A

105 degrees, electrons repel hydrogens apart

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11
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

water forms hydrogen bonds/electrostatic with other water or molecules

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12
Q

what gives water its properties

A

electrostatic bonding

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13
Q

high melting point/boiling point

A

due to hydrogen bonds as they need to be broken

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14
Q

water as a solvent

A

dipole structure means its a universal solvent (dissolve ionic/covalent)

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15
Q

how water dissolves

A

oxygen surrounds positive and hydrogen surrounds negative

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16
Q

hydration

A

water acts as barrier stopping salt forming (instead forms hallite) as too much salt if not

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17
Q

density

A

ice is held in hexagonal structure due to hydrogen bonds and floats, hot temp means less molecules per area as they move more

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18
Q

is cold or warm water denser

A

cold as molecules dont move as much

19
Q

conductivity

A

some molecules can carry charge, h30, OH

20
Q

high heat capacity

A

due to electrostatic bonding

21
Q

what does high heat capacity mean

A

control climate, land have greater temp ranges, ocean controls ocean temp

22
Q

are water and seawater properties different

A

yes

23
Q

what does seawater contain

A

dissolved salt

24
Q

solute

A

thing being dissolved

25
Q

salinity

A

total amount of salt dissolved in water

26
Q

salinity of seawater

A

35%

27
Q

most salt ions in sea

A

sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium

28
Q

other things in sea

A

major constituents, nutrients, gases, trace elements, organic compounds

29
Q

major constituents

A

sodium, chlorine make up majority, magnesium, potassium

30
Q

nutrients

A

essential for growth/production, nitrogen/phosphorus/silcon, silicon used for diatoms, calcium carbonate for coccolithophores

31
Q

gases

A

nitrogen (most abundant), co2, oxygen, noble gases

32
Q

trace elements

A

metals, iron/lead/nickel, very small amount

33
Q

organic compounds

A

large complex molecules made by organisms (fats/protein)

34
Q

best way to determine salinity

A

evaporate water and compare weight before and after

35
Q

principle of absolute proportion

A

proportion of ions stays the same no matter the salinity (only measure one ion)

36
Q

chlorinity

A

amount of halogens in water

37
Q

most abundant ion

A

chlorine

38
Q

salionmeter

A

measures salinity, measures conductivity relative to ion content

39
Q

sources of salt to oceans

A

rivers transport weathered rocks, acidic river water makes carbonic acid and releases hydrogen ions making ocean acidic

40
Q

why does climate change make oceans saltier

A

evaporation occurs but not removal of salts so becomes supersaturated and precipitates and deposits on seafloor so in equilibrium

41
Q

removal of salts

A

evaporation, wind blows sea inland, clay absorbs ions

42
Q

long residence times

A

in sea

42
Q

residence times

A

how long ions stay in ocean

43
Q

short residence times

A

reactive

Marine (19 decks)

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