Marine geography

Question 1

biogeography

Answer 1

looks at distribution of species, how species form ecosystems and their geographical limits

Question 2

what provides historical explanations

Answer 2

tectonics

Question 3

what provides ecological explanations

Answer 3

present species preventing other species from crossing barrier

Question 4

historical explanations

Answer 4

large scale, past

Question 5

ecological explanations

Answer 5

small scall, current

Question 6

why we need biogeography

Answer 6

climate change, managing resources

Question 7

factors controlling animal barriers

Answer 7

abiotic (temp/climate), biotic (whether its other species)

Question 8

benthic

Answer 8

seafloor, macrobenthic and microbenthic organisms

Question 9

pelagic

Answer 9

water column, plankton

Question 10

photic

Answer 10

lots of light

Question 11

mesophotic

Answer 11

twilight zone

Question 12

aphotic

Answer 12

no light

Question 13

what is most of sea

Answer 13

deep sea

Question 14

deep sea parts

Answer 14

bathyal (shallowest), abyssal, hadal

Question 15

biome

Answer 15

collection of flora/fauna occupying a habitat

Question 16

realm

Answer 16

large area where there are high taxonomic levels (similar species in one area)

Question 17

province/region

Answer 17

distinct species/endemism (species in small areas), due to isolation

Question 18

are there real boundaries in marine ecosystems

Answer 18

no

Question 19

factors affecting marine boundaries

Answer 19

ocean currents (mix/isolate species), gradients (temp/oxygen), continent positions

Question 20

how many marine realms

Answer 20

30

Question 21

factors affecting biogeography

Answer 21

temperature/productivity/hetergenity

Question 22

temperature

Answer 22

high species in tropics due to higher mutation rates, higher metabolism, light converted to heat in photic zone, deep down temp is constant

Question 23

productivity

Answer 23

higher species in productive coasts as more oxygen/nutrients, less in deep ocean

Question 24

heterogenity

Answer 24

higher heterogeneity means higher biodiversity, higher in corals/seafloor

Question 25

depth

Answer 25

deeper means less biodiversity, deep ocean relies on sinking material, all 3 factors decrease with depth

Question 26

light and depth

Answer 26

deeper means more light absorbed, red more than blue/green

Question 27

Antarctic circumpolar current

Answer 27

largest current, disperses species, soft barrier, why Antarctic is cold as opening of drake passage allow acc to flow through

Question 28

partial barriers

Answer 28

mid ocean ridges

Question 29

hard barriers

Answer 29

land, red sea