Human prescence

Question 1

pollution

Answer 1

introduction of chemicals that can harm the environment

Question 2

natural pollution

Answer 2

oil seepage from seabed

Question 3

pollution from different parts of seafloor

Answer 3

seafloor (benthic/settling/burrowing), pycnocline (density driven, estuaries), neuston layer (0.1mm-10mm)

Question 4

how do pollutants get broken down

Answer 4

by biological processes

Question 5

petroleum

Answer 5

hydrocarbons/metals/nitrogen, comes from ground, also known as crude oil, needs to be refined to hydrocarbons

Question 6

hydrocarbon pollution

Answer 6

crude oil/petroleum, majority comes from run off/normal tanker incidents

Question 7

what happens to oil in the environment

Answer 7

changed by evaporation/dissolution/emsulification (mix of oil/water)/sedimentation (mixed with sediment), microbial degradation/formation of tar balls

Question 8

distillation only happens in

Answer 8

chemical production NOT at the sea

Question 9

disipation

Answer 9

depends on weather/composition or crude oil/waves/currents

Question 10

is all oil toxic

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

degree of petroleum damage depends on

Answer 11

habitat/type of petroleum

Question 12

methods of oil clean up

Answer 12

burning of surface oil, floating blooms/skimming

Question 13

can all water clean itself

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what happens when humans exceed cleaning capacity

Answer 14

water cant clean itself

Question 15

where is most waste disposed

Answer 15

ocean

Question 16

how much waste is produced by humans

Answer 16

20 billion tonnes

Question 17

where does most waste come from

Answer 17

farms, cities

Question 18

where is waste concenctrated

Answer 18

harbours/bays

Question 19

what happens when effluents are released

Answer 19

produce a plume which gets bigger from the source

Question 20

effluents

Answer 20

sewage/metals/artificial biocides

Question 21

sewage

Answer 21

human waste (eutrophification)

Question 22

metals

Answer 22

toxic in large doses, lead/mercury

Question 23

artificial biocides

Answer 23

chemically made toxic chemicals that dont occur naturally (pesticides)

Question 24

bio accumulation

Answer 24

organisms retain toxic chemical in body

Question 25

biomagnification

Answer 25

toxic material increases at each trophic level

Question 26

organic micropollutants

Answer 26

personal care products, anything that damages endocrine

Question 27

ocean dredging/mining

Answer 27

wouldnt be issue if it is cleaned/dumped slowly

Question 28

contaminated dredge spoils

Answer 28

solid waste dumped into sea and spreads across pycnoclines

Question 29

mining

Answer 29

ocean deposits gathered by hydraulic pumps, vacuums sediments/organisms, killing majority organisms, sediments released creates plume

Question 30

overfishing

Answer 30

removing fish faster than replaced causing populations to collapse

Question 31

maximum sustainable yield

Answer 31

maximum amount of fish that can be caught without affecting population

Question 32

what people thing should replace yield

Answer 32

precautionary principle (avoid anything that may damage fisheries)

Question 33

ocean future

Answer 33

coasts destroyed/polluted, not enough being done

Question 34

future of pollutants

Answer 34

major pollutants are problem