Science Unit A Flashcards
what is a fluid
any matter that has no fixed shape, can flow and takes the shape of container is a liquid or gas state
slurry
combo of a liquid and a solid, easy to transport, use or eat
ex: Slurpee, mud, concrete
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture in which all the different substances can be seen when mixing
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that looks as if all the substances mixed is just one substance ( you cannot see the different mixtures mixed in)
solute
substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution e.x is the salt dissolving in water
solvent
substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
e.x. water/ liquids that can dissolve something
solubility
ability to dissolve; defined as how much of a solute will dissolve in a particular amount of a solvent.
concentration
ability to dissolve the mass of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent to form a saturated solution at a given temperature (25g/50ML = 50g/100ML)
super-saturated
heating beyond saturation point to add more solute than normal. cooling it down keeps it in solution
saturated
-cannot add more solute (higher concentration)
Unsaturated
- can add more solute (low concentration)
- more diluted
what is solubility affected by
type of solvent, type of temp and solute
increased temp= more solute (liquids and solids) dissolved. gases are opposite, increase in temp = decrease in solubility
what are the 4 points in the particle model of matter?(sami)
all matter is made up of tiny particles
particles are always moving
particles are attracted to eachother
particles have spaces between them
characterize a solid
soilds (most dense)
- most particles
- packed close
- vibrates in place
- strong attractions
characterize a liquid
- fewer particles
- more space
- flow/roll over eachother
- shape of container
characterize a gas
- least particles
- most energy
- expands to fill space
viscosity
the rate of flow of a fluid fluids measured with ramp test high vis- molasses. low- water increased temp, decreased viscosity low friction, high viscosity space affects friction
density
amount of mass in a volume (m/v)
least dense= fewer particles in volume
most dense= more particles in small volume
cold temp= more dense particles reduce space and volume decreases
buoyancy
opposition force that goes against gravity acting on objects in a fluid (pushes up= floats). equals the displacement of a fluid
Plimsoll line
Ships are designed to float in all types of water, regardless of the density of the water. Plimsoll Line- shows how heavily a ship can be loaded in different water conditions.
summer fresh,winter fresh, tropical salt
how do hot air balloons work
As the air inside the balloon is heated, it becomes less dense than the surrounding air. The buoyant force of the air will push the hot air balloon upwards, until the buoyant force equals the force of gravity
what is pressure and 3 main points
Pressure measures the amount of force applied to a certain area.
Pressure is exerted in all directions
The larger the force, the greater the pressure.
The smaller the area, the greater the pressure.
what is Pascal’s Law
Pascal’s Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can’t flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate.
Pump
Moves a fluid through or into something. Ex - Your heart.
Diaphragm pump - changes volume and compresses the air. Archimedes screw - turns to draw water up against gravity. Bike pump - uses a piston (pressure).
Diving
When going deep, nitrogen gas can dissolve in the diver’s body cells and tissues in a higher concentration than normal. As the diver rises slowly back to the surface, the nitrogen will leave the body gradually.
The Bends
If the diver ascends too quickly the pressure decreases rapidly. As a result the nitrogen gas bubbles out of the blood and tissue, or collects in different parts of the body causing extreme pain. Called → “The bends”
treatment for the bends
Treatment for the bends is the use of a hyperbaric chamber, which forces the nitrogen to re-dissolve back into the blood and tissue.
