Science B3 part 2 questions Flashcards
circulatory system (a.Describe the function of this system.
b. Identify (in order; where appropriate) all of the organs, tissues, and cells
c. Describe the purpose of each organ, tissue, or cell type identified in the major systems
d. Describe relevant health conditions
a.#1 TRANSPORT the nutrients to each cell in your body
#2 TRANSPORT oxygen to your cells and carry waste products away.
b.lungs-heart-arteries (and then extra-blood,capillaries, veins)
c. lungs, heart, arteries, blood, capillaries, veins (go look at b3)
d. Aneurysm – a weak spot in the wall of an artery. Atherosclerosis – a narrowing of the arteries caused by plaque deposits. Heart disease – lack of blood supply to the heart because of narrowed arteries. strokes
respiratory system(a.Describe the function of this system.
b. Identify (in order; where appropriate) all of the organs, tissues, and cells
c. Describe the purpose of each organ, tissue, or cell type identified in the major systems
d. Describe relevant health conditions
a. #1 supplying your blood with oxygen and #2 removing the carbon dioxide from your blood
b. nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchi-holes, alveolus, lungs, diaphragm
c. look at b3
d. 1. Influenza (Flu) 2. Pneumonia 3. Bronchitis (short term)
4. Asthma 5. Bronchitis (can be both) 6. Emphysema 7. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Chronic= long term
8. Lung cancer -An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. -Associated with smoking -Can be caused by second-hand smoke -can cause death
digestive system(a.Describe the function of this system.
b. Identify (in order; where appropriate) all of the organs, tissues, and cells
c. Describe the purpose of each organ, tissue, or cell type identified in the major systems
d. Describe relevant health conditions
a. breaks down food into smaller pieces so they can be absorbed and transported (nutrients and water)
b. mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
c. mouth- teeth+ saliva break down food. esophagus- tube that found passes through. stomach- stores food + breaks down food with acid and churning. small intestine- breaks down food into smaller pieces + absorbs nutrients. large intestine- receives waste and absorbs remaining water. transmits waste for elimination
d. 1. Heartburn or acid reflux- occurs when stomach acid
gets into the esophagus 2. Celiac disease‐ sensitivity to
gluten, which damages your villi 3. Crohn’s Disease – autoimmune disease that affects the end of the small intestine 4. Ulcerative Colitis – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBF)affects the large intestines 5. Hemorrhoids – inflammation of the blood vessels at the end of the digestive tract
excretory system(a.Describe the function of this system.
b. Identify (in order; where appropriate) all of the organs, tissues, and cells
c. Describe the purpose of each organ, tissue, or cell type identified in the major systems
d. Describe relevant health conditions
a. waste removal (urine, sweat, c02, junk food)
b. lung, liver, kidneys, large intestine, skin
c. lungs- removes co2 large intest- removes solid waste liver- breaks down toxic waste kidneys- filter out waste
skin- eliminates water and salt through sweat
d. ??
nervous system(a.Describe the function of this system.
b. Identify (in order; where appropriate) all of the organs, tissues, and cells
c. Describe the purpose of each organ, tissue, or cell type identified in the major systems
d. Describe relevant health conditions
a. 1. controls body 2. detects and responds to inside+ outside stimuli
b. brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensing organs
c. brain- control center. nerves- made up of neurons that carry messages in the body. spinal cord- helps carry messages between the brain and the body
d. Alzheimer’s disease.
Describe the roles of the respiratory system and circulatory system in supplying oxygen to body cells.
The respiratory system interacts with the circulatory system to transfer oxygen from fresh air to red blood cells in the lung arteries while also releasing carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the lungs. The heart pumps the used blood back through the veins to the lungs, and the cycle repeats itself.
What tissue (part of the lung) is directly responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
Alveoli- Structures of the lung where gas exchange occurs
What tissue (part of the kidney) is directly responsible for filtration in the kidneys?
nephron?
Why is urea formed? Where is urea formed?
Urea forms when dietary proteins make amino acids after digestion. The liver breaks down excess amino acids to make ammonia, then converts this into urea, which is less toxic in the body than ammonia. Urea production occurs in the liver and is then dissolved in blood
Describe the movements of the diaphragm and ribs during breathing.
How to Inhale & BREATHING; Breathing occurs because of your rib and diaphragm muscles. Inhale- these muscles contract, pulling your ribs up, and your diaphragm down- pulls air into your lungs. Exhale- these muscles relax: your ribs go down and your diaphragm goes up. This decreases the size of your chest and lungs
Identify and describe the composition of blood. (cell types, etc.)
- red blood cells- carry oxygen, mature ones have no of mature red blood cells have no nuclei
- white blood cells- fight infections
- platelets- clotting cells that stop bleeding
- plasma- liquid part
plasma makes 55% of your body while others make 45%
Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.
function of each chamber in the heart
- The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
-The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
-The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
-The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.
right side is blue because… left side is red…. All of this part of the heart is filled with red oxygen filled blood. Once the body has used up all of the oxygen it turns blue and then returns to the heart on the right side of the heart.
Describe how reflexes occur in the body.
- OUCH?! You accidentally touch a red-hot element on the
stove. - The stimulus is the intense heat. Sensory nerves in your
hand react to the stimulus by sending nerve impulses to the
spinal cord. - Interneurons relay the message to the motor neurons. 4. The impulse travels to the muscles of your arm, which
quickly contract to remove your hand from the element. - The sensory neurons also send a message to your brain. But,
by the time the message gets there and your brain decides to
change your facial expression to a grimace and have you cry
out in pain, your hand is already off the element.
Reflexes protect you from injury by reducing the time it takes
to react to harmful stimuli.
Describe the interaction and dependency of different systems on each other in order to maintain
survival of the organism.
All of your body systems have to work together to keep you healthy. Your bones and muscles work together to support and move your body. Your respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air. It also gets rid of carbon dioxide. Your digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the food you eat. Your circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout your body. Wastes from the cells are eliminated by your respiratory system, your excretory system, and your skin. Your nervous system controls all these activities with electrical impulses. If any system in your body isn’t working properly, other systems are affected.
path of blood in heart
1.blood from body enters right atrium or vena cava 2. blood passes to right ventricle then heads to lungs 3. using pulmonary veins, blood enters the left atruim 4. blood goes into left ventricle and then pumped through aorta to body
