Science Test 10/25 Flashcards
What are the main 3 types of states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas.
Is an ice cube the same substance as water? Explain your answer.
An ice cube is the same substance as water, however, it is in a different state. An ice cub is solidified water.
Does a liquid have definite volume? Explain your answer.
Liquids have definite volumes because the particles inside them maintain close contact with each other.
What is an example of a liquid moving to a solid state of matter? What is this called?
When a liquid moves to a solid state of matter this is called the freezing point. An example of a freezing point is when water freezes to ice.
What is an example of a solid moving to a gas? What is this called?
When a solid moves to a gas, this is called sublimation. An example of this process is dry ice turning into carbon dioxide.
- What do you think happens to the particles of a solid as it moves to the liquid phase? Describe the process.
When particles of a solid move to the liquid phase, they lose their fixed shape and the particles become more spread out.
If a hot coffee cup is placed on the counter what will happen to the heat?
When a hot coffee cup gets placed on the counter, the heat transfers to the surroundings. When the coffee lowers the temperature, this causes a decrease in the average amount of kinetic energy. The coffee and the mug are both losing energy, but the surroundings are gaining energy.
What role does heat play in changing states of matter?
Heat plays a major role during the changing states of matter. The increased/decreased energy just pushes the particles enough, to change form.
Where might you find examples of plasma on Earth?
One example of plasma is the northern lights (aurora). This can be found in the northern parts of the US.
When solids go to liquids to gas is the energy increasing or decreasing?
Increasing.
When molecules move from one phase to another is it still the same substance? Provide a example.
They are still the same substance. There is water vapor above a pot of boiling water. That vapor (or gas) can condense and become a drop of water in the cooler air. If you put that liquid drop in the freezer, it would become a solid piece of ice. No matter what physical state it was in, it was always water. It always had the same chemical properties.
Describe the following term: Solid
Anything with a definite shape and volume. Wood and ceramic used to build lab tables are solids. The molecules in the lab table still vibrate in place (because they are room temperature) but the molecules do not flow or move apart. Molecules continue to vibrate in place until all heat has been removed. At this point temperatures are at Absolute Zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees C). The molecules that make up a solid, like ice, are closely packed and can only vibrate within their fixed positions. This arrangement of the molecules, and their limited motion, are reflected in a solid’s macroscopic behavior.
Describe the following term: Liquid
A substance with a definite volume but no definite shape. Water is a liquid at room temperature and pressure because the molecules of H2O can move past each other. Water is a liquid between 0 and 100 degrees Celsius. The molecules that make up a liquid, like water, are closely packed but can slip past one another within the liquid. This molecular arrangement and motion are what cause a liquid to have a changing shape and fixed volume.
Describe the following term: Gas
Helium is a gas (at room temperature and pressure) because the molecules spread out and take up the entire space they are given to expand. Molecules that make up a gas have plenty of space between them and move independently from one another. This freedom of molecular motion causes a gas to have a changing shape and volume. Though water vapor is not visible, you can see how a gas can change shape and volume when you look at steam, which contains droplets of water as the vapor condenses.
Describe what the particles look like during the solid stage.
*Rigid
*Fixed Shape
*Fixed Volume
*Compact
Describe what the particles look like during the liquid stage.
*Not rigid
*No fixed shape
*Fixed volume
Describe what the particles look like during the gas stage.
*Not rigid
*No fixed shape
*No fixed volume
Suppose you go on a trip to the snow. You decide to play in the snow and get very cold. You then need to find a way to warm up. You are given two options to warm up. You can either dump a bucket of very warm water (100 degrees) on you or sit in a pool that is relatively warm (70 degrees). Which would you choose and why?
If I were very cold, I would sit in a pool that is relatively warm because dumping a bucket of really warm water would be better thus it has more thermal energy.
What is thermal energy and temperature? How are they different?
Thermal energy is the total energy of the motion of the atoms and molecules. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. These two examples are different because the molecules in the cup of boiling water is greater than the average speed of the many molecules in the bowl of water.
Describe how particles move as an object moves from a solid to a liquid to a gas.
In a solid the particles start to move faster as the temperature increases and eventually at the melting point of the substance, the bonds of the molecules weaken, breaking from the fixed position they were in, creating a liquid. Liquid changes into a gas when the molecules separate from each other, creating empty space, and move independently.
What role does temperature play in changing matter from one state to another? Explain with an example.
The temperature changes as the state matter changes from one state to another, increasing or decreasing creating energy. As ice melts the temperature changes and state of matter changes.
What is a example where it is difficult to determine what state of matter a substance is in? Why is it difficult to tell?
One example of a substance that would be hard to tell would be slush. This is difficult to tell because it involves solids> ice, and liquids > water.
What is sublimation? What do particles do when this occurs?
Sublimation is the change in state of matter from a solid to gas or gas to solid. When this happens, particles instantly move from a closely packed state to a spread out state.
What is a real world example of sublimation? What does it look like?
Dry ice is an example of sublimation because changes from a solid to gas. It looks like an ice cube with carbon dioxide fuming out.
