Lesson 11 and Lesson 12 Quiz Flashcards
Full lesson 11 TCI and 3 sections of lesson 12
1
Q
After the American Revolution, what did leaders work to guide?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
The constitution that the government is formed under.
2
Q
What was George Washington planning to do, after the American Revolutionary War, before being lured to president?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
He planned to retire
3
Q
Who was Henry Knox?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
A book seller in Boston, who became Washington’s close friend and advisor.
4
Q
When Washington became president in 1789, what position did he make Henry Knox?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
He was made George Washington’s secretary of war.
5
Q
Who were the 4 main influential important leaders in the government?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
- George Washington
- Henry Knox
- Alexander Hamilton
- Thomas Jefferson
6
Q
During Washington’s presidency, what did Hamilton serve as?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
Washington’s secretary of the treasury.
7
Q
During Washington’s presidency, what did Jefferson serve as?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
The secretary of state.
(He managed relations between the United States and other countries.)
8
Q
What was a reason George Washington chose Hamilton and Jefferson those positions?
Jefferson: The secretary of state.
(He managed relations between the United States and other countries.)
Hamilton: Washington’s secretary of the treasury.
(intro to lesson 11)
A
His main reasons to make those two influential leaders those positions was because of all they had in common.
*Both were patriots who had served their country during the war.
*Both also had brilliant minds.
9
Q
What were 2 differences between Jefferson and Hamilton?
(intro to lesson 11)
A
Hamilton: Dressed with great care and was a doer who moved from task to task.
Jefferson: He was sloppy with clothes, and was a thinker who took time to explore ideas.
10
Q
What is loose construction?
(lesson 11 vocab cards)
A
A broad interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has powers beyond those specifically given in the Constitution
11
Q
What does it mean when to “nullify” a law?
(lesson 11 vocab cards)
A
To refuse to recognize a federal law. This action by a state is called nullification.
12
Q
What is a “States’ Doctrine”?
A
The theory that rights not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution remain with the states
13
Q
What is strict construction?
(lesson 11 vocab cards)
A
A narrow interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has only those powers specifically given in the Constitution.
14
Q
What was Washington’s farewell address?
(lesson 11 vocab cards)
A
George Washington’s parting message to the nation, given in 1796, in which he warned of threats to the nation’s future
15
Q
What was the Whiskey rebellion?
(lesson 11 vocab cards)
A
a revolt by farmers in 1794 against an excise tax on whiskey
16
Q
When did George Washington take an oath of office as the first president of the United States?
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
A
April 30th, 1789.
17
Q
During his oath, Washington asked both houses to congress to…
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
A
..work with him to put him in place.
He said, “the wise measures on which the success of this government must depend.”
18
Q
How was George Washington feeling, taking the oath of office, as the first president of the United States?
(lesson 11, sec 1).
A
George Washington felt nervous, for, “At times, his hands shook so much that he had trouble reading his speech.”
19
Q
At the start of Washingtons Presidency, he felt nervous for the first congress was…
(lesson 11 sec. 1)
A
Deeply divided, for some wanted a stronger national government, while others wanted to limit the power of the new government.
20
Q
Who was George Washington’s vice president?
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
A
John Adams
21
Q
What was an example of a European suggested head title for president, George Washington?
(lesson 11, sec. 1).
A
One example of the names suggested was, “Your Excellency”
*Please note, there are different answers for this question, however this is the one in TCI.
22
Q
What did the president say when people were suggesting to call him “Your Excellency” ? Who agreed with his argument?
(lesson 11, sec. 1).
A
The president, he argued, should have a similar title. Supporters of a strong national government agreed.
23
Q
What did others argue about the other president titles suggested?
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
A
Such titles smelled of royalty and had no place in a democracy.
24
Q
What final presidential title did George Washington end up choosing?
(lesson 11, sec. 1).
A
“Mr. President”
25
When setting up the executive branch, what did George Washington fear happen, that did.
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
Arguments broke out at once over what those departments should be and what powers they should have.
26
What were the final 3 Congress-approved departments?
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
1. The Department of War was established to defend the nation.
2. Department of State was set up to handle relations with other countries.
3. The Treasury Department was set up to oversee the nation's finances
(Congress also created an attorney general to serve as the president's legal adviser and a postmaster general to head the postal system).
27
Washington chose men he...
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
Trusted, for he would ask those men (Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox), advice and ideas.
28
What did the head of the executive department come to be known as?
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
The president's cabinet
29
What trivial debate highlighted the government's division early in Washington’s presidency?
(lesson 11, sec. 1)
What his title should be
30
What was the most crucial problem, facing the new government?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
The national treasury was empty and the nation had no money, as well as being very divided.
31
Although Congress had the power to raise funds through taxes, what did the members argue?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
They argued what to tax and by how much.
32
In 1791, what did Congress finally decide to tax?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
An excise tax, or a tax on the production or sale of a product, on whiskey and other luxury goods, such as carriages.
33
The settlers living west of the __________ reacted angrily to the tax.
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
west of the Appalachian Mountains
34
Because western farmers found it too costly to transport their grain across the mountains to sell in eastern cities, they...
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
they distilled their bulky wheat into whiskey, which could be shipped more cheaply.
35
What did many farmers complain about during the tax on Whiskey? What did they decide to do?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
They complained that the tax made their whiskey too expensive, so they refused to pay it.
36
How did the protesters react when congress lowered the excise tax on Whiskey, in 1793?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
Most farmers began to pay up, but not the tax rebels of western Pennsylvania. In 1794, these “Whiskey Boys” tarred and feathered tax collectors who tried to enforce the law.
37
What did George Washington and Alexander Hamilton see the Whiskey Rebellion as?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
A threat to authority to a national government
38
What did George Washington decide to do with the protesters?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
At Hamilton's urging, Washington led 13,000 state militia troops across the mountains to crush the rebels. Faced with overwhelming force, the rebellion ended.
39
What idea did Thomas Jefferson think of foolish? What did Thomas Jefferson believe Hamilton was violating?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
He thought sending an army to catch a few tax rebels was foolish. He believed, was that Hamilton was prepared to violate people's liberties by using armed force to put down opposition to government policies.
40
France dreamed of building a nation based on...
(lesson 11, sec. 2).
“liberty, equality, and fraternity [brotherhood].”
41
When did people start calling themselves Democratic-Republicans?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
People like Jefferson and his followers began calling themselves Democratic Republicans when the French Revolution started.
42
When the French Revolution started, what did the Democratic-Republicans see?
(lesson 11, sec. 2).
The Democratic-Republicans saw the French Revolution as part of a great crusade for democracy.
43
Hamilton and his followers were known as...
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
Federalists
44
Why were the federalists, federalists? What did many have in common?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
*Wealthy
*Appalled by the bloodshed in France ( France's revolutionary government began beheading wealthy nobles, resulting in some 20,000 men, women, and children being killed.)
45
What did the Federalists start to fear? What did they wonder?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
Their own safety. They wondered if this could happen to the United States?
A federalist said, “Behold France, an open hell … in which we see … perhaps our own future.”
46
What was a reason that Washington agreed to run for a second term?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
He saw the growing division between the Democratic-Republicans and Federalist.
47
In Washingtons Farewell Adress, he reminded the Americans of all that bound them as a people...
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
“With slight shades of difference,” he said, “you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together.”
48
What were the two main threats Washington warned the country, during his farewell address?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
1. Political Parties
2. Foreign Influence and Affairs
49
True or False: Washingtons Warnings stopped the rise of political parties?
(lesson 11, sec 3).
False, George Washington's warnings did not stop the rise of political parties in the young nation.
50
What 3 states were added during Washingtons presidency?
(lesson 11, sec. 2)
Kentucky, Tennessee, and Vermont
51
Which party appears first during the debates over the ratification of the Constitution?
(lesson 11, sec. 3).
The federalist party
52
Was Hamilton born in the U.S.?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
No, he was born in the West Indies and raised on the Caribbean island of St. Croix.
53
What gave Hamilton the opportunity to come to New York?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
When he was younger, he wrote a vivid description of a devastating hurricane that struck the island. This impressed those who read his writing, thus the St. Croix leaders sent him to New York.
54
Hamilton was sent to New York to...
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Get the education he deserved. Once in America, Hamilton NEVER looked back.
55
True or False: Hamilton was very rich with lots of family connections in the U.S. to help him rise up in the world.
(lesson 11, sec 3)
False!!! He had no money or family connections, as was still able to rise up in the world.
56
Where did George Washington spot Hamiltons talents?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
Early in the American Revolution, George Washington made Hamilton his aide-de-camp, or personal assistant.
57
Who did Hamilton marry?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
Elizabeth Schuyler
58
What advantage in politics did Hamilton have after marrying Elizabeth Schuyler?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
Her family had a political backing, and was one of the most rich and powerful families.
59
After the war, Hamilton was _______ __ _________. Later he served as a __________________.
(lesson 11, sec 3)
After the war, Hamilton was elected to represent New York in Congress. Later he served as a delegate from New York to the Constitutional Convention.
60
What was Hamiltons View on Human Nature shaped by?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
His wartime experiences.
61
What view did most federalists share with Hamilton about people?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
People were basically selfish and out for themselves, so they distrusted any system of government that gave too much power to "the mob," or the common people.
62
Hamilton thought that such system could lead to...
(lesson 11, sec 3)
"error, confusion, and instability."
63
What type of people did federalists believe should run the country?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
"the best people" were educated, wealthy, public spirited men like themselves- should run the country.
64
What did Federalist John Jay say on his thoughts of who should run the country?
(lesson 11, sec 3)
“Those who own the country,” said Federalist John Jay bluntly, “ought to govern it.”
65
What type of government did Federalists favor?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
A strong national government.
66
in 1790, what was the nations economy mainly based on?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Agriculture
67
What did Hamilton want to do with the economy?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Hamilton wanted to expand the economy and increase the nation's wealth by using the power of the federal government to promote business, manufacturing, trade, land grants for education, and infrastructure such as canals and roads.
68
Where did the debts come from, that the U.S. had to pay off?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
The debts from the American Revolution
69
What compromise did Alexander Hamilton make regarding the location of the nation's capital?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Hamilton promised to support locating the nation's capital in the South, along the Potomac River, between Maryland and Virginia, in exchange for southern support of his debt plan. This resulted in the creation of the District of Columbia.
70
Hamilton wanted to establish a _____________.
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
National Bank
71
Why did Hamilton want to create a national bank?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
To help the government collect taxes and keep funds safe.
To print paper money backed by the government, providing a stable currency.
To make loans to businesspeople for building factories and ships.
To support economic growth, benefiting all Americans as business and trade expanded.
72
Why did Hamilton's proposal for a national bank face opposition?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Opponents argued the Constitution didn’t give Congress the power to establish a bank.
They believed Congress could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
73
True or False: Hamilton supported loose construction.
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
True, for example he pointed out the Elastic Clause allowed Congress to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for carrying out its listed powers. Since collecting taxes was one of those powers, Congress could set up a bank to help the government with tax collection.
74
Was Hamilton able to get his bank approved for congress?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Hamilton was able get his bank approved by Congress. Once established, in 1791, the Bank of the United States helped the nation's economy grow and prosper.
75
As the French Revolution started, what did Hamilton believe it would lead to?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
The “establishment of free and good government.” But as he watched it lead instead to chaos and bloodshed, his enthusiasm for the revolution cooled.
76
What side did the federalists die with, when ware broke out with England and France?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Most on Englands side
77
Did Hamilton favor Britain in the French and England Revolutionary war?
(lesson 11, sec. 3)
Yes, Great Britain was all that he hoped the United States would become one day: a powerful and respected nation that could defend itself against any enemy.
78
Why did Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans oppose Alexander Hamilton's plans?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
They believed Hamilton's actions, meant to strengthen the U.S., would lead to ruin and disagreed with his views on nearly everything.
79
Where was Thomas Jefferson born?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
He was born in Virginia, to an old and respected family.
80
Jefferson was a ______ student.
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
gifted
81
True or False: Once he was established as a planter, Jefferson entered Virginia politics.
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
True
82
What was Thomas Jefferson's view on human nature?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
He assumed that informed citizens could make good decisions for themselves and their country.
83
What type of government was favored by the democratic republicans?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Democracy was favored than any other form of government.
84
What did democratic republicans believe the best government was?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
A small government with limited powers.
85
To keep the national government small, they insisted on a ____________ _________, or interpretation, of the Constitution.
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
strict construction
86
What was thought of as "unconstitutional" by the democratic republicans?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Any addition to the powers listed in the document, such as the creation of a national bank, was unconstitutional and dangerous.
87
Along with advocating for a weak national government, what other type was favored by the democratic republicans?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Strong state governments.
They were closer to the people, and the people could control them more easily. Strong state governments could also keep the national government from growing too powerful.
88
The democratic republicans favored an economy base on...
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
...agriculture and opposed any measures, such as the national bank, designed to encourage the growth of business and manufacturing.
89
During the French Revolution, what side was favored by the democratic republicans? Britain, or France?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
France (they argued that the loss of a few thousand aristocrats was a small price to pay for freedom).
90
Who did the French Government send to the United States as its new official representative?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Edmond Genêt
91
How did the Democratic-Republicans react when the French Government sent Edmond Genêt?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Democratic-Republicans welcomed Citizen Genêt as a conquering hero.
92
How did the George Washington react when the French Government sent Edmond Genêt?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Washington did not want to be drawn into war with Great Britain, so his response to Genêt was cool and dignified.
93
How did Genêt react to George Washington's un-enthusiastic welcome?
(lesson 11, sec. 4)
Genêt began making speeches against the president.
94
What was clear by the third presidential election?
(lesson 11, sec. 5)
political parties had become part of the election process.
95
Which political party supported Thomas Jefferson's presidency?
(lesson 11, sec. 5)
The Democratic-Republicans
96
Which political party supported John Adams presidency?
(lesson 11, sec. 5)
The federalists
97
When the electoral votes were counted John Adams was elected for president by how many votes over Thomas Jefferson?
(lesson 11, sec. 5)
When the electoral votes were counted, John Adams was elected president by just three votes, and Jefferson came in second, making him vice president.
98
What amendment changed the vice president rule?
12
99
What are the Alien and Sedition acts?
First Alien Act: Increased time for immigrants to become citizens from 5 to 14 years; aimed at limiting Democratic-Republican votes.
Second and Third Alien Acts: Allowed the president to jail or deport aliens suspected of threatening the government.
Impact: These laws were not enforced but scared some French spies and troublemakers into leaving the country.
100
When passing the Alien and Sedition Acts, what did Congress argue?
These laws were needed as protection against foreigners who might threaten the nation. However, the real purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to make life difficult for the Federalists' rivals, the Democratic-Republicans.
101
What is the order of events that happened using these terms:
Alien and Sedition Acts
French Revolution
XYZ Affair
Jays Treaty
French Revolution, Jays Treaty, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts
102
What was the sedition part of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
It made it a crime to print, utter, or publish any false scandalous and malicious [hateful] writing” against the government, Congress, or the president.
103
Who did the Sedition Act punish?
Democratic-Republican newspaper editors who insulted President Adams in print.
104
How did the Democratic Republicans view the Sedition Act?
Democratic-Republicans viewed the Sedition Act as an attack on the rights of free speech and free press. Since the federal government was enforcing the act, Democratic-Republicans looked to the states to protect these freedoms.
105
Who drew up a set of resolutions, or statements, opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts and sent them to state legislatures for approval?
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
106
Which states adopted Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's resolutions, or statements, opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts and sent them to state legislatures for approval.
Only two states, Virginia and Kentucky, adopted the resolutions. The arguments put forward in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on the States' Doctrine of the Constitution.
107
What happened when no other states approved the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
The protest died.
(The States' Doctrine, however, was not forgotten, and it would be raised and tested again in the years ahead).
108
In ____, the federal government moved to the city of Washington in the ________________________
1800
District of Columbia
109
What came in the middle of the 1800 presidential election?
The move to Washington DC
110
During the election of 1800, which party supported Thomas Jefferson?
Democratic-Republican leaders supported Thomas Jefferson for president and hoped to avoid the strange outcome of the last election by choosing a New York politician named Aaron Burr to run as his vice president.
111
Jefferson promised to run a _______________ government.
“frugal and simple”
112
True or false. The campaign, however, centered more on insults than on issues.
True, Democratic-Republican newspapers attacked Adams as a tyrant, even accusing him of wanting to turn the nation into a monarchy so that his children could follow him on the presidential throne.
113
What did some Federalist newspapers call Jefferson?
An atheist, or someone who denies the existence of God
114
During the election of 1800, why did Hamilton and his followers refuse to support Adams?
because of disagreements over the president's foreign policy.
(“We shall never find ourselves in the straight road of Federalism while Mr. Adams is President,” stated Oliver Wolcott, one of Hamilton's close allies).
115
True or False. When the Electoral College voted early in 1801, it was clear that John Adams had lost the election.
True
116
What was the result of the Republican electors' votes in the election between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr?
The result was a tie, as all Republican electors voted for both Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
117
After _______________, it was Federalist Alexander Hamilton who broke the deadlock. He asked his supporters in the House to vote for Jefferson,
6 days and 35 ballots
118
