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STS > SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION > Flashcards

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Flashcards

1
Q

He proposed the theory of
relativity.

A

ALBERT EINSTEIN

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2
Q

He proposed natural selection
as an explanation of evolution,
published in “On the Origin of
Species” in 1859.

A

CHARLES DARWIN

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3
Q

His theory of genetics stated
the pattern of inheritance
using a pea plant

A

GREGOR MENDEL

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4
Q

developed the Mendelian
Principles of Heredity.

A

GREGOR MENDEL

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5
Q

Known as the father of
microbiology

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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6
Q

he pioneered
pasteurization & proposed the
germ theory of disease

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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7
Q

He also developed a vaccine for rabies and disproved
spontaneous generation theory.

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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8
Q

He stated that the survival of a
given species was thus related to its ability to adapt to its
environment through
mutations.

A

HUGO DE VRIES

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9
Q

They succeeded in 1778 in
perfecting the steam
engine, which incorporated a
series of radical
improvements.

A

JAMES WATT & MATTHEW BOULTO

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10
Q

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES DURING THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

A

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
MICROSCOPE
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
MODERN MEDICINE
ASTRONOMY
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
WATT STEAM ENGINE

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11
Q
  • Used as tracers in
    complicated chemical and
    biochemical reactions & was
    also applied in geological
    dating.
A

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES

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12
Q

MICROSCOPE
* Introduced by the

A

Janssen team

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13
Q

this paved way for the establishment of the cell theory and study of minute
things

A

MICROSCOPE

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14
Q
  • This led to the rapid growth of the field of molecular biology, with resulted with the
    fundamental discovery of the
    structure of deoxyribonucleic
    acid (DNA), the molecule
    carrying the genetic code.
A

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

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15
Q
  • Profited with new methods
    of treatment from
    penicillin, insulin, and
    other drugs to pacemakers
    and implantation of
    artificial or donated
    organs.
A

MODERN MEDICINE

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16
Q

The space age began with
the launch of the first
artificial satellites in

A

1957

17
Q

A human first went to
space in

A

1961

18
Q

Larger telescopes led to the
discovery of the _________,
one of the many galaxies in the vast Universe.

A

Milky Way

19
Q
  • Notable results include the
    field of radio astronomy,
    studies of quasars, pulsars,
    and other unusual objects,
    and detection of relatively
    complex organic molecules
    floating in space.
A

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

20
Q
  • Born in the early 20th
    century, this has greatly
    advanced (e.g. computers)
A

ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

21
Q

The ___________has
become one of the key tools of
the modern industry. Other
developments include new
communication devices (radio TV laser

A

electronic computer

22
Q

WATT STEAM ENGINE
* Made of iron and fuelled
primarily by

A

coal

23
Q

became widely used in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution.

A

WATT STEAM ENGINE

24
Q

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IMPORTANT
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

A

METALLURGY
MACHINE TOOLS

25
Q
  • The replacement of wood
    and other bio-fuels with
    coal was a major change in
    this period. Coal required
    less labor to mine, and was
    more abundant.
A

METALLURGY

26
Q
  • There was a demand for
    metal parts used in
    machinery, which led to the
    development of several
    machine tools used for
    cutting parts
A

MACHINE TOOLS

27
Q

The large scale production of chemicals such as
sulphuric acid by the lead chamber process was
invented by this Englishman.

A

JOHN ROEBUCK

28
Q
  • In 1791, he introduced a method for the production of sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonates is very useful in glass, textile, soap,
    and paper industries.
A

NICOLAS LEBLANC

29
Q
  • In 1824, _____________-
    patented a chemical
    process for making
    cement which was an
    important advance in
    building trades.
A

Joseph Aspdin

30
Q

The process involves
sintering a mix of clay
& limestone at 1400
degrees Celcius & grinding it to fine powder.

A

cement

31
Q

GAS LIGHTING
* The large-scale introduction
of this was the work of
______________

A

William Murdoch

32
Q

The process consisted of the
large-scale gasification of
coal in furnaces, purification of gas, storage
and distribution.

A

GAS LIGHTING

33
Q

GLASS MAKING
* A new method, the
_____________, was
developed in Europe during
the early 19th century. This
advancement allowed for
larger panes of glass
created without interruption.

A

cylinder process

34
Q

PAPER MACHINE
* A machine for making
continuous sheets of paper on
a loop of wire fabric was
patented in 1798 by ___________

A

Nicholas Louis Robert

35
Q

AGRICULTURE
* Advancements in this
include the

A

seed drill, the
Dutch plough, and the
threshing machine

36
Q

TRANSPORTATION
* Modes of transportation
went from wagons to
automobiles and the ___________________________________ that take men to
space.

A

early airplane to modern
supersonic jet and giant
rockets

37
Q

FOOD & NUTRITION
* Food supply _________ while
prices _____ due to better
agricultural practices.

A

increased/ fell

38
Q
  • Living conditions varied
    from splendour for factory
    owners to squalor for workers.
    There were also a new
    middle class of
    professionals, such as
    lawyers and doctors.
A

HOUSING

39
Q

CLOTHING AND CONSUMER GOODS
* Consumers benefitted from
falling prices for clothing and
household articles such as

A

cast iron cooking utensils, and
soon after, stoves.

STS (21 decks)

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