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STS > LESSON 13 - WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION > Flashcards

LESSON 13 - WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Device that is designed to be used in fighting an enemy of a war to cause bodily harm to another

A

WEAPON

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2
Q

Defend oneself from attackers

A

WEAPON

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3
Q

Used to describe different kinds of weapons

A

WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

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4
Q

two important characteristics of weapons of mass destruction

A

The ability to produce large-scale destruction

They do not choose who they want to attack which affects usually the civilians

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5
Q

is a part of a country’s activity

A
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6
Q

is a part of a country’s activity

A

Weapon making

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7
Q

An art and craft
A symbol of strength and power of a country
Used as a defense
Undergoes evolution

A

WEAPON MAKING

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8
Q

4 TYPES OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

A

Biological
Chemical
Nuclear
Radiological

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9
Q

Weapons that uses harmful biological agent (pathogenic microorganism/neurotoxin/virus/bacteria) to cause death or disease on a large scale

A

Biological

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10
Q

Weapons containing any of several chemical compounds like chlorine gas, mustard gas, of which some are toxic
agents that are intended to kill, injure, or incapacitate an enemy.

A

Chemical

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11
Q

Weapon combining radiological materials with a conventional explosive device.

A

Nuclear

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12
Q

Considered as the greatest weapons of mass destruction ever created FISSION, or REACTION.

A

Nuclear

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13
Q

Devices that spread dangerous radioactive materials that is wrapped around a conventional explosive to spread toxic radiation

A

Radiological

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14
Q

Three types of weapons of mass destruction (Laura Reed)

A

Nuclear weapons
Chemical warfare agents
Biological warfare agents

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15
Q

BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

A

Smallpox
Anthrax
Ebola Virus
Plague
Tularemia
Botulinum Toxin
Rice Blast
Rinderpest

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16
Q

Smallpox
Caused by

A

variola virus

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17
Q

Spreads through direct contact with an infected person’s skin or bodily fluids, air in closed, confined areas, and contaminated snail mail

A

Smallpox

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18
Q

Classified as Category A Biological Weapon by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to its high mortality rate and easily transmitted through the air

A

Smallpox

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19
Q

Signs/symptoms of smallpox

A

High fevers
Body aches
Rash

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20
Q

Antidote of smallpox

A

Isolate the patient until all scabs have fallen off (304 weeks after rash onset) to prevent transmission of the virus

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21
Q

One of the deadliest and most feared agent of biological weapon

A

Anthrax

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22
Q

Anthrax is caused by bacteria called

A

bacillus anthracis

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23
Q

Anthrax: Effects after _____ days of inhalation and death may occur if not treated.

A

seven

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24
Q

Signs/symptoms of anthrax:

A

Fever
Malaise
Fatigue
Coughing
Internal bleeding
Blood poisoning
Meningitis

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25
Q

Antidote of anthrax:

A

Large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics (such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, or penicillin)

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26
Q

A killer that causes hemorrhagic fevers marked by severe bleeding

A

Ebola Virus

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27
Q

Ebola virus hit the news in the late

A

1970s

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28
Q

Ebola virus: Spread through _____ and ______q, killing hundreds

A

Zaire and Sudan

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29
Q

Ebola Virus: Got its name from the ______ (near one of the villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo where the disease was first discovered)

A

Ebola River

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30
Q

Infects others through direct contact with blood or other bodily secretions

A

Ebola Virus

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31
Q

Signs/symptoms of Ebola:

A

Between 2-21 days
Headache
Muscle ache
Sore throat
Weakness
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Some: internal and external bleeding
60 and 90 percent dies after 7 to 16 days while some patient recover better than others

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32
Q

Antidote for Ebola:

A

No cure for ebola
Only proper medical management such as avoiding people who are exposed to it and maintain balance of fluids and electrolytes and oxygen
Blood transfusion and treatment for other infections

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33
Q

Plague also called

A

Black Death

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34
Q

Killed half of the population of Europe in the 14th century

A

Plague

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35
Q

Plague caused by a bacterium __________, which was transmitted to humans by infected rats

A

Yersinia Pestis

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36
Q

2 main types of plague:

A

Bubonic and Pneumonic

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37
Q

Spreads by bites from infected fleas

Can be transmitted from person to person through contact with infected bodily fluids

A

Bubonic

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38
Q

Named for the swollen glands, or buboes, around the groin, armpit, and next accompanied by fever, chills, headache, and exhaustion.

A

Bubonic

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39
Q

Less common and spreads through the air by coughs, sneezes, and face-to-face contact.

A

Pneumonic

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40
Q

Symptoms of bubonic
Occur within ______ days and last between _______ days; ____ percent die within the first 24 hours if not treated

A

2 or 3 days, 1 and 6 days, 70 percent

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41
Q

High fever, cough, bloody mucus, difficulty breathing

A

Symptoms of pneumonic

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42
Q

Antidote for pneumonic

A

Antibiotics (for bubonic plague)
Patients are advised to be hospitalized in isolation

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43
Q

Tularemia also called

A

rabbit fever

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44
Q

Tularemia caused by the bacterium

A

Francisella Tularensis

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45
Q

One of the most infectious bacteria on Earth

Humans can become infected through bites of tick and deer flies, skin contact with infected animals, drinking contaminated water, and inhalation of contaminated aerosols or agricultural dusts

A

Tularemia

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46
Q

Signs/symptoms of Tularemia

A

Fever
Chills
Headache
Diarrhea
Muscle aches
Joint pain
Dry cough
Progressive weakness

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47
Q

Antidote for Tularemia

A

Not transferred between human hosts but can be spread very rapidly between animal hosts and humans or when used in aerosol form

Easily treated with antibiotics or prevented with a vaccine

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48
Q

Botulinum Toxin is caused by a bacteria _________________ that contains deadly botulinum toxin

A

Clostridium Botulinum

49
Q

Colorless and odorless in air
Spores are found in fruits, vegetables, and seafood
Considered harmless but when they begin to grow, they produce deadly toxin

A

Botulinum Toxin

50
Q

Humans are exposed to the toxin through the consumption of contaminated foods

A

Botulinum Toxin

51
Q

Signs/symptoms of Botulinum Toxin

A

Blurred vision
Vomiting
Difficulty swallowing

52
Q

Antidote fir Botulinum Toxin

A

Antitoxin drugs (to prevent the disorder from worsening, but recovery still takes many weeks)

53
Q

Rice Blast:
A kind of crop disease

Caused by the fungus ________________ (also known as Magnaporthe grisea)

A

Pyricularia Oryzae

54
Q

Makes leaves of plants that were exposed to the fungus develop grayish lesions with buildup of thousands of fungal spores

A

Rice Blast

55
Q

Does not kill instantly, but low food production could lead to severe hunger in poorer countries, as well as losses in income.

A

Rice Blast

56
Q

Antidote for rice blast

A

Develop fungus-resistant plant varieties
Do not use excessive fertilizer
Irrigate the soil regularly
Plant early
Use silicon fertilizers (calcium silicate) as alternative fertilizer they can be applied to soils that can help reduce blast
Apply appropriate fungicide to infected plants

57
Q

A German name
A pest caused by a virus similar to Measles

A

Rinderpest

58
Q

Affects mostly cattle and other ruminant animals animals such as goats, bison, and giraffes

A

Rinderpest

59
Q

Highly contagious disease, characterized with fever, loss of appetite, dysentery, and inflammation of the mucus membranes

A

Rinderpest

60
Q

Condition get serious for 6 to 10 days after exposure until the animal suffers dehydration

A

Rinderpest

61
Q

Antidote for Rinderpest

A

There is no known treatment
Animals exposed to it are required to be isolated and slaughtered
Vaccination can be administered if directed by the authorities
Proper disposal of dead animals and contaminated material
Maintain cleanliness and proper sanitation of cattle farms
Using disinfectants like Sodium Hypochlorite (a 3% household bleach can kill RPV virus)

62
Q

Caused by the NIPAH Virus in 1999

Resulted to an outbreak in Nipah region of Malaysia (infected 265; killing 105)

A

NIPAH Virus

63
Q

Virus naturally occurs in fruit bats

May be spread through close physical contact or contaminated body fluids

A

NIPAH Virus

64
Q

NIPAH Virus : Lasts _______ days

A

6 to 10 days

65
Q

Classified as Category C Biological Weapon

A

NIPAH Virus

66
Q

Signs/symptoms of NIPAH Virus

A

Fever
Muscle pain
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
Severe cases: drowsiness, disorientation, convulsions, ultimately

67
Q

Antidote for NIPAH Virus

A

Limited to supportive care

68
Q

Composed of toxic chemical contained in a bomb that can cause death, injury, temporary incapacitation or sensory irritation through chemical action

A

CHEMICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

69
Q

Chemical weapons of mass destruction are controlled and affected by:

A

Freshness
Purity
Weather conditions
Wind direction
Means of dissemination
Other factors

70
Q

CHEMICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION are called:

A

Nerve agents
Blister agents
Choking agents
All of them can irritate the eyes, lungs or skin

71
Q

Effects of chemical weapons of mass destruction:

A

Immediate failure of the respiratory r nervous system
Skin irritation
Headaches
Heart palpitations
Respiratory difficulty
Vomiting
Convulsions

72
Q

Forms of chemical weapons of mass destruction:

A

Liquids
Vapors
Gases
Aerosols

73
Q

Just like conventional bombs

A

Chemical WMD

74
Q

Meant to cause extreme damage through an explosion that releases a large amount of energy in a short period of time

A

Chemical WMD

75
Q

Explosion is created by changing the atoms themselves, either by splitting them or fusing them together to create new atoms that release tremendous heat

A

Chemical WMD

76
Q

Some countries all over the world possess about _________ nuclear weapons

A

30,000

77
Q

Since ______, no nuclear weapon has been used in a conflict although possession of them is a symbol of strength and prestige and can be used during diplomatic bargaining

A

1945

78
Q

MOST COMMON CHEMICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

A

Sarin
Soman
VX
Zyklon B
Mustard Agents

79
Q

Sarin also called

A

GB

80
Q

Colorless, odorless nerve gas
Considered an organophosphate chemical, a potent pesticide
Tasteless, odorless, colorless liquid that has no odor in its pure form which was developed in Germany by Gerhard Schrader in 1938

A

Sarin

81
Q

Antidote for sarin

A

Exposure to Atropine and Pralidoxime for nerve agent against toxicity

82
Q

A combination of Sarin and Lewisite, an effective blistering agent

A

Soman

83
Q

More expensive to produce than sarin
Colorless liquid, becomes dark brown if aged
Tasteless but has been variously described as having a sweet, musty, fruity, spicy, or nutty smell
More deadly than sarin and tabun
Considered a volatile substance effective mainly through inhalation

A

Soman

84
Q

O-ethyl S-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate

A

VX

85
Q

VX is _______ in liquid form

A

brownish

86
Q

Vapors are odorless
A very toxic nerve gas, an extremely toxic chemical agent
Used as a nerve gas which causes convulsions, loss of consciousness, paralysis, and failure of the respiratory system leading to death

A

VX

87
Q

VX is ___ times more deadly than sarin

A

100

88
Q
  • first synthesized VX; a chemist working for Imperial Chemical Industries in Britain
A

Ranaji Ghosh

89
Q

Antidote for VX

A

Atropine and Pralidoxime
Injected sedative/antiepileptic such as diazepam

90
Q

Tabun
Discovered by a German chemist, ___________, sometime in 1937

A

Gerhard Schrader

91
Q

Colorless or brownish liquid, and odorless as a vapor
Classified as an organophosphate and originally intended to be used as a pesticides
Considered among the easiest of nerve gases to manufacture
Can be mixed with water
Can be used to poison water or food and it can be inhaled when released into the air

A

Tabun

92
Q

Antidote for Tabun

A

Administration of injectable atropine and pralidoxime

93
Q

Poison gas invented in Germany by Fritz Haver

A

Zyklon B

94
Q

A type of hydrogen cyanide used by the Nazis to kill war victims inside gas chamber during World War II
Colorless vapor at normal temperatures with a smell like bitter almonds

A

Zyklon B

95
Q
  • has high toxicity and in sufficient concentrations rapidly leads to death
A

Hydrogen Cyanides

96
Q

Antidote for Zyklon B

A

Amyl nitrite
Sodium nitrite
Sodium thiosulfate

97
Q

First used near the end of World War I
Exposure to it cause severe eye and lung damage

A

Mustard Agents

98
Q

Mustard Agents: Chemical compound is often called “____________” because their injuries usually resemble burns or blisters

A

blister agents

99
Q
  • commonly known as Mustard Gas, have the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs; sometimes smells like garlic, onions, or mustard and sometimes has no odor
A

Sulfur Mustard

100
Q
  • exposure can cause 2nd and 3rd degree chemical burns
A

Mustard Gas

101
Q

Antidote for Mustard Gas

A

No antidote for mustard exposure
The best thing to do is to avoid it by leaving the area immediately where the sulfur mustard is present
Go to a higher ground, because sulfur mustard being heavier than air, will settle in low-lying areas

102
Q

TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTION THAT CAN BE USED TO MAKE NUCLEAR WEAPONS

A

Fission Weapons
Fusion Weapons

103
Q

Atoms are split

A

Fission Weapons

104
Q

The core of a fission bomb is made of either _______, or highly enriched ______

A

Plutonium/Uranium

105
Q

During fission, when the heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, extra neutrons are released. If these neutrons are absorbed by other nuclei, they can, in turn, also releasing neutrons and setting off what is known as a _____________

A

Chain Reaction

106
Q

Often known as hydrogen bombs - deuterium and tritium

A

Fusion Weapons

107
Q

Two isotopes of hydrogen are fused together to create heavier atoms

A

Fusion Weapons

108
Q

Can only happen at extremely high temperatures and pressure

There is no theoretical limit to the explosive force of a fusion weapon

A

Fusion Weapons

109
Q

EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS

A

Blast
Direct Nuclear Radiation
Thermal Radiation
Fallout

110
Q

Refers to the very fast release of energy in an explosion producing a shock wave equivalent to several thousand pounds of pressure per square inch (psi), devastating force that can break most objects on earth

A

Blast

111
Q

A form of energy with a combination of heat and light. The light produced by a nuclear explosion can be seen from hundreds of miles away, so intense that it can make sand explode, blind people many miles away, ignite flammable materials at large distances, and burn human skin.

A

Direct Nuclear Radiation

112
Q

Release several forms of radiation such as gamma, alpha, and beta particles.

A

Thermal Radiation

113
Q
  • can easily penetrate or pass through solid objects and can be deadly.
A

Gamma rays and neutrons

114
Q
  • are generally less dangerous, having much shorter ranges - several meters and several centimeters, respectively
A

Beta and Alpha Particles

115
Q

Consists of large numbers of particles, which are propelled upward in the blast and become irradiated, or contaminated with radiation during the explosion. The rising and descending debris forms the mushroom cloud that follow a nuclear explosion

A

Fallout

116
Q

EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON HUMANS

A

Affect the cells
Death
Cancer
Glow-in-the-dark
Eye cataract
Infertility
Hair loss

117
Q

RADIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTIONS

A

“Dirty bombs”

118
Q

Weapons of mass disruption not mass destruction

A

RADIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTIONS

119
Q

Made by combining radioactive material with conventional explosives

A

RADIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTIONS

STS (21 decks)

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