SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE ANCIENT TIMES Flashcards
_____ was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq and Kuwait).
Sumer
The cradle of the world’s earliest known civilization and was first established in the region about 3600 BC.
Sumer
Known as the “first cities” in the world.
Sumer
Transformed families into tribes which became cities and were later called the states.
Sumer
is the first writing system, developed around 3100 BC.
Cuneiform
pictographs and drawings representing actual things were its basis
Cuneifrom writing
Cuneiform
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
contains the Sumerian historical information and culture. It began as record keeping for trade and evolved for writing down laws and stories.
Sumerian clay tablet
The concept of the wheel
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
The __________ were among the first astronomers, mapping the movement of stars, planets and the moon into sets of constellations,
many of which were recognized by the ancient
Greeks.
Sumerians
They built the foundation of logic, mathematics, engineering, architecture, agriculture, transportation and medicine.
Sumerians
Sailboat
Sumerians
_______ system of counting in units of 60 which served as the basis of 360 degree circle and 60 minute hour.
Sexagesimal
Sexagesimal system of counting
Sumerians
Developed systemized technique of farming:
seed plow and irrigation.
Sumerians
Wool from sheep made into the textiles, mastered the arts of bleaching and dyeing.
Sumerians
______ was the ancient region bordering the Tigris and Euphrates river (Iraq).
Babylonia
The capital is _____, and served as commercial and religious center in the Tigris-Euphrates valley.
Babylon
________________–was the first leader of the Babylonian Empire, promulgating the famous law code that served as rule and standards which helped maintain a period of stability in the region.
Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC)
_____________ was the Neo Babylonian Emperor who ordered the construction of the “Hanging Gardens of Babylon” (one of the seven wonders of the world) and Isthar Gate.
Nebuchadnezzar II
Hanging Gardens
Babylonia
Hammurabi
Babylonia
Contributed to the development of science and technology such as: irrigation, a system of canals flanked by earthen dikes; system of
bookkeeping, double entry accounting, multiplication and division tables and calculations using geometry.
Babylonia
Adopted the Sumerian sexagesimal system; made accurate predictions of astronomical phenomena like solar and lunar eclipses.
Babylonia
Situated in the northeastern part of the African continent
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
is located along the Nile River
which provided a fertile delta.
Egypt
gave life to the civilization of Egypt. The early settlers were nomadic animal hunters, who soon changed their lifestyles to be farmland settlers.
Nile River
_______ learned to heat metal ore (copper, gold, and bronze) and made weapons and utensils.
Ancient Egyptians
They may have been the first people to make glass. They learned to heat sand in a hot furnace and blow the molten sand into glass.
Egyptians
They wrote with ink and brushes on paper made of papyrus reels; their writing was pictorial symbols known as hieroglyphics.
Egyptians
Their knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, surgery and medical plants enabled them to embalm their dead.
Egyptians
Created the calendar based on the phases of the moon, consisting of 29 1⁄2 days.
Egyptians
Interest in astronomy focused on the stars. The early calendar was based on the appearance of Sirius, the brightest in their horizon which coincided with the annual rise and fall of the Nile River. This helped them predict the annual flooding on the Nile River.
Egyptians
still stand today as evidence of the Egyptians’ scientific expertise and technical skills in geometry, engineering, architecture and labor management.
Pyramids
Iconic monuments include Giza Necropolis (oldest of the ancient wonders and only one still in existence) and its Great Sphyinx, Ruins of Memphis and and the Valley of Kings.
Egyptians
Located on the island of Crete and other Aegean islands such as Santorini, flourished on 2600 to 1400 BC. it was rediscovered in the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Athur
Evans.
CRETAN (MINOAN) CIVILIZATION
CRETAN CIVILIZATION also known as
MINOAN CIVILIZATION
“The first link in the European chain.” - Will Durant
CRETAN (MINOAN) CIVILIZATION
CRETAN (MINOAN) CIVILIZATION is ruled by
King Minos
CRETAN (MINOAN) CIVILIZATION Capital
Knossos
They were an Aegean Bronze Age civilization,
ruled by King Minos.
CRETAN (MINOAN) CIVILIZATION
is located between Turkey, Egypt, and Greece
Crete
______ were mercantile people engaged in overseas trade.
Cretans/ Minoans
Many historians believe they were involved in the Bronze Age’s important tin trade: tin, alloyed with copper apparently was from Cyprus.
Cretans/ Minoans
became the central exporter of wine, oil, jewelry, and highly crafted works. They become importers of raw materials and food.
Crete
They built the first major navy ship in the world in which its main purpose was trade, not war.
Cretans/ Minoans
made carved statues, ceramics, frescoes, jewels, and inscriptions. These showed their knowledge in mathematics, engineering, and architecture.
Cretans/ Minoans
Cretans/ Minoans
Cretans/ Minoans
cities were connected with stone-paved roads, formed from blocks cut with bronze saws. Streets were with good drainage and sewer facilities.
Minoan Cities
Around 1600 BC, _______ was shaken by a violent earthquake. Sometime later, the ______ eruption occurred - it was one of the largest in human history, blasting more than 10 million tons of ash, gas and rock 25 miles into the atmosphere.
Akrotiri/ Theran
