SCIENCE m4

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

“Cells arise from the division of other pre-existing cells.”

Question 2

Cell cycle 2 mainstages

Answer 2

INTERPHASE
M-PHASE (DIVISION PHASE)

Question 3

3 PARTS OF INTERPHASE

Answer 3

G1
S PHASE
G2

Question 4

INTERPHASE: cell growth and duplication of cellular structures

Answer 4

G1

Question 5

INTERPHASE: replication of genetic material

Answer 5

S

Question 6

INTERPHASE: double checking and repair of duplicated materials

Answer 6

G2

Question 7

2 PARTS OF DIVISION PHASE

Answer 7

NUCLEAR DIVISION
CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION

Question 8

2 NUCLEAR DIVISIONS

Answer 8

MITOSIS
MEIOSIS

Question 9

CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION

Answer 9

CYTOKINESIS

Question 10

__________

• ALSO CALLED AS _____ DIVISION
• Produces 2 DAUGHTER CELLS, genetically identical to the parent
• Function: _______ and ______

Answer 10

MITOSIS

EQUATIONAL
GROWTH & REPAIR

Question 11

__________

• ALSO CALLED AS _____ DIVISION
• Produces 4 DAUGHTER CELLS, genetically DIFFERENT to the parent
• Function: Maintains _______ _______ in preparation for SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Answer 11

MEIOSIS

REDUCTION
CHROMOSOME NUMBER

Question 12

3 MAJOR REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES IN EUKARYOTES

Answer 12

HAPLONTIC (Zygotic meiosis)
DIPLONTIC (gametic meiosis)
DIPLOHAPLONTIC (Sporic meiosis / Alternation of generations )

Question 13

• ZYGOTE is the only DIPLOID cell; undergoes MEIOSIS immediately
• Produces _______ spores
• Example: CHLAMYDOMONAS

Answer 13

HAPLONTIC / ZYGOTIC MEIOSIS
HAPLOID SPORES

Question 14

• Both SPOROPHYTE (diploid) and GAMETOPHYTE (haploid) are multicellular and functional
• Example: FERNS

Answer 14

DIPLOHAPLONTIC / SPORIC MEIOSIS / ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

Question 14

• Organism is DIPLOID; only haploid cells are GAMETES
• Meiosis occurs to produce GAMETES
• Example: HUMANS (2n=46)

Answer 14

DIPLONTIC / GAMETIC MEIOSIS

Question 15

3 MANIFESTATION OF PATTERNS IN LIVING SYSTEMS

Answer 15

MORPHOLOGICAL
ECOLOGICAL
GENETIC

Question 16

REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS IN PLANTS

Answer 16

APOMIXIS

Question 17

REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS IN ANIMALS

Answer 17

PARTHENOGENESIS
HERMAPHRODITISM
SEX REVERSAL

Question 18

APOMIXIS

• GAMETES _______ its chromosome number
• Seeds produced ______ ______
• Found in _______ and ______ (e.g., sunflower)

Answer 18

DOUBLES
WITHOUT FERTILIZATION
GRASSES & ASTERIDS

Question 19

PARTHENOGENESIS

• _______ _____ develops into a mature organism
• Example: MALE BEES, Komodo dragons, Daphnia

Answer 19

UNFERTILIZED EGG

Question 20

HERMAPHRODITISM

• Organism has BOTH _____ and _____ reproductive systems
• Common in: ______, _______

Answer 20

MALE & FEMALES
EARTHWORMS & PARASITES

Question 21

2 TYPES OF SEX REVERSAL

Answer 21

PROTANDRY
PROTOGYNY

Question 22

Organism changes sex during lifetime
Example: FISH, OYSTERS

Answer 22

SEX REVERSAL

Question 23

Pattern Formation in Animal Development

_______ in DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS due to DFFERENTIALGENE EXPRESSION

Answer 23

VARIATION

Question 24

Pattern Formation in Animal Development _______ _____(e.g., in fruit fly) regulate developmental patterns

Answer 24

HOMEOBOX GENES

Question 25

4 NITROGENOUS BASE OF DNA

Answer 25

THYMINE CYTOSINE ADENINE GUANINE

Question 25

4 NITROGENOUS BASE OF RNA

Answer 25

URACIL CYTOSINE ADENINE GUANINE

Question 26

PARTS OF DNA

Answer 26

PROMOTER GENE (EXON & INTRON)

Question 27

CENTRAL DOGMA ________ OF DNA -> ______/______ _____ -> RNA -> ________ -> PROTEIN

Answer 27

REPLICATION ; TRANSCRIPTION / REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION