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SECOND SEM > HFDS 130 organization of the human body > Flashcards

HFDS 130 organization of the human body Flashcards

1
Q

study of the structure and RELATIONSHIPS between BODY PARTS

“What the BODY IS”

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

science of HOW those parts come together to FUNCTION and keep the body alive.

“What the BODY DOES”

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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3
Q

“Structure determines ______”

A

FUNCTION

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4
Q

smooth brain; frequent seizures

A

Lissencephaly

Lissors (Greek) = smooth
Encephalos (Greek) = head

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5
Q

folds of the brain for increased surface area. To fit more neurons and matter inside the space to process information better

A

gyri & sulci

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6
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

A

MRS GREN

MOVEMENT
RESPIRATION
SENSITIVITY

GROWTH
REPRODUCTION
EXCRETION
NUTRITION

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7
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

changing place or position

A

MOVEMENT

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8
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

generating energy

A

RESPIRATION

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9
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

being aware of surroundings

A

SENSITIVITY

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10
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

removal of waste products

A

EXCRETION

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11
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

increase in size/number

A

GROWTH

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12
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

creating new individuals

A

REPRODUCTION

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13
Q

7 LIFE PROCESSES

obtaining food to build a body

A

NUTRITION

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14
Q

5 BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL NEEDS

A

Food, Water, Oxygen, Heat, and Pressure

FWOHP

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15
Q
  • biological process to convert food to energy & building blocks for the growth, repair and maintenance of life.
  • All biochemical fractions within the body
A

METABOLISM

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16
Q

3 MAIN PURPOSES OF METABOLISM

A

Convert food to ENERGY
Convert food to BUILDING BLOCKS
Elimination of NITROGENOUS WASTES

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17
Q

any ingested CHEMICAL that is used for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body

A

NUTRIENTS

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18
Q

2 TYPES OF METABOLISM

A

ANABOLISM AND CATABOLISM

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19
Q
  • BUILDS UP large molecules from smaller ones USING ENERGY
  • NEGATIVE NET ENERGY = uses more ATP than what it produces
  • biosynthetic metabolism
    “Synthesis” = to make / to form

EX: DEHYDRATION

A

ANABOLISM

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20
Q
  • BREAKS DOWN large molecules into smaller ones releasing energy
  • Produces more ATP than what it needs
  • ENERGY-YIELDING metabolism

EX: HYDROLYSIS

A

CATABOLISM

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21
Q

ENERGY CURRENCY of a cell

A

ATP

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22
Q
  • Coined by CLAUDE BERNARD
  • “INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT”
  • Underlying principally for HOMEOSTASIS
  • “The STABILITY of the internal environment is the condition for the free and independent life”
  • The fixity of the milieu supposes a perfection of the organism such that the external variations are at each instant compensated for and equilibrated by the body
A

MILIEU INTERIEUR

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23
Q
  • Tendency toward a relatively STABLE EQUILIBRIUM between interdependent elements, especially as MAINTAINED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • Constant struggle against external environment to maintain/remain internal equilibrium / uniformity using diff. physiological processes

Greek ; “_______” = similar
“______” = standing still

A

HOMEOSTASIS

Homoios
Stasis

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24
Q

_______is simply the loss of homeostasis in our bodies; Whether there is:
- not enough production of ATP
- Too much waste products in our blood
- Inability to compensate for the extreme outside temp.

A

DEATH

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25
Body’s way of responding to changes in the environment
FEEDBACK MECHANISM
26
Negates the change in the body Counteracts ; beneficial to the body Bring back the state to its original value Almost all reactions in the body E.g. Sweating and Shivering to thermoregulate
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
27
The stimulus is amplified even further Could be beneficial or harmful E.g. pregnancy/childbirth - Baby’s growth takes up the uterus - Stretch receptors activated in uterus - Brain signals to release oxytocin - Oxytocin causes uterine muscles to contract - Contractions get stronger until baby is delivered Fever is good because it overdrives your metabolism - Faster ATP production - Faster formation of building blocks like proteins to fight the invading foreign microbes - 37.5°C Normal temperature
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
28
7 HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS
SR ICOER STIMULUS RECEPTOR INPUT CONTROL CENTER OUTPUT EFFECTOR RESPONSE
29
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS produces a CHANGE (eg. temp, bp, o2 levels, etc)
STIMULUS
30
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS - information travels along the _______ pathway to the control center - ________ PATHWAY - bundle of nerves that transmit impulses/signals from the receptor to the control center - A = accept
INPUT ; AFFERENT
31
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS nerve ending that DETECTS the change/stimulus
RECEPTOR
32
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS - information sen form the control center travels down the _______ pathway to the effector. - _______ PATHWAY - nerves that transmit impulses/signals form the control center to the effector - E = e-labas
OUTPUT ; EFFERENT
33
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS organ that receives the order form the control center and RESPONDS accordingly
EFFECTOR
34
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS what the effector does to restore homeostasis
RESPONSE
35
HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEM CONTROL: PARTS processes the stimulus and would determine the appropriate course of action or response (eg. brain & spinal cord)
CONTROL CENTER
36
There are approximately more than ______ muscles in the body
650
37
body is erect and facing FORWARD, with ARMS at the SIDES and PALMS FORWARD
STANDARD ANATOMICAL POSITION
38
BASIC PLANES OF REFERENCE
1. SAGITTAL / MEDIAN / MIDSAGITTAL 2. PARASAGITTAL 3. CORONAL / FRONTAL 4. TRANSVERSE / HORIZONTAL
39
BASIC PLANES OF REFERENCE equal left n right sides
1. SAGITTAL / MEDIAN / MIDSAGITTAL
40
BASIC PLANES OF REFERENCE front and back
3. CORONAL / FRONTAL
41
BASIC PLANES OF REFERENCE top and botton
4. TRANSVERSE / HORIZONTAL
42
BASIC PLANES OF REFERENCE unequal left and right
2. PARASAGITTAL
43
10 ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES
ANTERIOR / VENTRAL POSTERIOR / DORSAL SUPERIOR / CEPHALIC / CRANIAL INFERIOR / CAUDAL MEDIAL LATERAL PROXIMAL DISTAL SUPERFICIAL DEEP
44
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES front
ANTERIOR / VENTRAL
45
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES back
POSTERIOR / DORSAL
46
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES up ; ______ = head
SUPERIOR / CRANIAL / CEPHALIC ; CEPHALUS
47
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES down ; _____ = tail
INFERIORI / CAUDAL
48
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES towards midline
MEDIAL
49
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES farther from the midline
LATERAL
50
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES near the trunk
PROXIMAL
51
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES further away the trunk
DISTAL
52
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES toward the body surface
SUPERFICIAL
53
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES away the body surface
DEEP
54
TISSUE SECTIONS OF THE BODY
1. CROSS SECTION 2. LONGITUDINAL SECTION 3. OBLIQUE SECTION
55
TISSUE SECTIONS OF THE BODY perpendicular to the axis
1. CROSS SECTION
56
TISSUE SECTIONS OF THE BODY along the axis
2. LONGITUDINAL SECTION
57
TISSUE SECTIONS OF THE BODY at an angle
3. OBLIQUE SECTION
58
In a CT scan, the color: White - _____ dense object (bones) ; blood vessels are white because it contains calcium Black - _____ dense object (Fluid/air)
MORE ; LESS
59
fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place.
MESENTERY
60
2 HUMAL SKELETON DIVISIONS
AXIAL & APPENDICULAR
61
BODY REGIONS
HEAD & TRUNK
62
BODY REGIONS, THE TRUNK CONSISTS OF:
1. Thorax 2. Abdomen 3. Upper Extremity (shoulders-hands) 4. Lower Extremity (pelvis-feet)
63
2 MAIN BODY CAVITIES
DORSAL & VENTRAL
64
hollow spaces at the back of the body 2 compositions: ____ - brain _____- spinal cord
DORSAL BODY CAVITIES CRANIAL ; VERTEBRAL
65
hollow spaces in front of the body 3 compositions: ____ - heart & lungs _____- Digestive organs _____- reproductive, urinary
VENTRAL BODY CAVITIES THORACIC ; ABDOMINAL ; PELVIC
66
flat muscle that physically separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
DIAPHRAGM
67

SECOND SEM (17 decks)

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