BIO 150 LEC QUIZ 1 P3 Flashcards
______ and ________ SUBSTANCES are both CONDITIONS and RESOURCE.
WATER ; DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES
WATER is a _______ RESOURCE.
Organisms – composed of ~80% water
CRITICAL
WATER IS A CRITICAL RESOURCE.
- _______ – necessary for METABOLIC REACTIONS
- Water content needs continual ________
HYDRATION ; REPLENISHMENT
WATER IS A CRITICAL RESOURCE.
- Water incorporated in plant body «< vol. of water that flows through the ________ STREAM (importance of ROOT SYSTEMS)
- Most terrestrial animals drink _____ WATER and generate some from the METABOLISM of FOOD;
- Animals of ARID ZONES (dry envi) may obtain all their water from their FOOD.
TRANSPIRATION
FREE
WATER IN THE AIR: ______
- MOISTURE CONTENT OF AIR relative to an equal volume of saturated air at a given temperature
- IMPORTANT SOURCE OF WATER
- Affected by temp, LI, and vegetation
- Plants transpire and affect humidity in the area
HUMIDITY
- Water CONDENSED from ATMOSPHERIC VAPOR and falling in drops
- Allows RE-DISTRIBUTION of water; brings water from the oceans to areas over land
- Water scarcity and abundance DETERMINE VEGETATION TYPE
- REPLENISHES GROUND WATER
- A MEDIUM OF LIFE in aquatic habitats
RAINFALL/PRECIPITATION
Water as a ________
- In streams and rivers there is the constant HAZARD of being washed away
- Repeated POUNDING and SUCTION of WAVE ACTION on sea shores
CONDITION
WATER AS A CONDITION
- _______, ________ _______, behavioral strategies of ________
- HOLDFASTS, FLEXIBLE BODIES, behavioral strategies of AVOIDANCE
pH OF WATER AND SOIL
- Direct effect: ________ – upsetting osmoregulation, enzyme activities, gas exchange
- Indirect effect: influence on availability of ______ and/or CONCENTRATION OF TOXINS
- Envt with NEUTRAL-SLIGHTLY ALKALINE pH are more hospitable than acidic ones.
- Some prok can thrive under very acidic or very alkaline conditions.
TOXICITY
NUTRIENTS
pH OF WATER AND SOIL
- Some PROKARYOTES can thrive under very ACIDIC CONDITIONS
- pH 2-7
ACIDOPHILES
pH OF WATER AND SOIL
- Some PROKARYOTES can thrive under very ALKALINE CONDITIONS
- pH 9-12
ALKALIPHILES
- Organisms respond to salt like the Response Curve 3
- Creates OSMOREGULATORY PROBLEMS (same as drought and freezing); OSMOTIC RESISTANCE to WATER UPTAKE
- Others have a way of pumping out excess salt from their tissues to avoid damage
SALINITY OF WATER
– have metabolites for osmoregulation
HALOPHYTES
- Organisms respond to mineral nutrients like the Response Curve 3
- Interactions between FORAGING for WATER and nutrients (for plants)
MINERAL NUTRIENTS
_____ OBTAIN NUTRIENTS from soil or surrounding water
plants
_____ OBTAIN NUTRIENTS in organic form, from food
animals
ADAPTATIONS TO DROUGHT STESS
_______ traits in plants:
* traits conserve water
* MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES (waxes, sunken stomates, multiple epidermal layers, leaf-folding/rolling, trichomes, etc)
* PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS (water storage, protective molecules, stomatal closure, CAM, etc)
* DORMANCY
* _______ (RESSURECTION PLANTS)
XEROMORPHIC ; POIKILOHYDRY
ADAPTATIONS TO DROUGHT STESS
Drought tolerance/resistance in animals:
* Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations
* ______ INTEGUMENTS, REDUCTION in _______ FLOW rate, seasonal ______, ESTIVATION, HOARDING of _____, _____ CHOICES
IMPERMEABLE
URINE
MIGRATION
FOOD
SPACE
ADAPTATIONS TO FLOODING
animals -> _____ ___ of the flooded area
plants -> structural and physiological adaptations
MOVE OUT
ADAPTATIONS TO FLOODING OF PLANTS
*________ ROOTS
* PNEUMATOPHORES
* Capacity to ______ SHOOT parts upon SUBMERGENCE (hormonal response, ET)
* increased _______ (longitudinal transport of )2)
* CHANGE in TIMING of ______
AERENCHYMATOUS
ELONGATE
POROSITY
REPRODUCTION
EARTH SYSTEMS.
Earth has just the RIGHT CONDITIONS for life compared to other planets.
4 MAIN PARTS (SPHERES)
ATMOSPHERE (air)
HYDROSPHERE (water) ; CRYOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE (rocks),
BIOSPHERE (living things).
These parts interact by ______ ______.
E.G. water moves between the sky, oceans, and land, and carbon flows between the air, oceans, rocks, and living organisms.
Matter flows between different _______ (like oceans and atmosphere), and balance in these flows keeps the system stable.
EXCHANGING MATTER ; RESERVOIRS
Human actions (like burning fossil fuels) have CHANGED these NATURAL CYCLES, affecting things like ___ and ___ _____ levels in the atmosphere.
SEA & CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS
are cycles where changes in one part of a system affect other parts, which then loop back to influence the first part.
work together to create a stable, yet dynamic, natural system.
FEEDBACK LOOPS
