M3 SCI 11 Flashcards
8 FORMS OF ENERGY
MRS. CHEN
MECHANICAL / KINETIC
POTENTIAL / STORED
RADIANT
SOUND
CHEMICAL
HEAT
ELECTRICAL
NUCLEAR
Energy can be possessed in two ways:
KINETIC
POTENTIAL
Energy can be sourced from ____ and ______ sources
RENEWABLE
NON-RENEWABLE
TWO essential Laws of Thermodynamics
- LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: Energy is CONSERVED; neither created not destroyed, only TRANSFORMED
- The ENTROPY (Disorder) of an isolated system always INCREASES
The amount of energy in the universe is _____
CONSTANT
Energy cannot be changed without some conversion into _____ ENERGY
HEAT
After energy is transformed, the capacity of energy to DO WORK is ______
DECREASED
main source of energy
sun
3 WAYS LIVING THINGS ACQUIRE ENERGY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
EATING & DIGESTING
organisms that create their own organic food from inorganic chemicals like iron, nitrogen, sulfur, and magnesium and in turn supply energy to the rest of the ecosystem
CHEMOAUTOTROPH
cannot capture light or chemical energy to make food and mainly rely on autotrophs
HETEROTROPH
TROPHIC LEVELS is a feeding level that is often represented in a _____ _____ or _____ ______
FOOD CHAIN / FOOD WEB
TROPHIC LEVEL ORDER
HEAT
SECONDARY CONSUMERS
PRIMARY CONSUMERS (HERBIVORES)
PRIMARY PRODUCERS
Only about ______ of NET ENERGY production at one trophic level is passed on to the next level.
10%
also referred to as TROPHIC PYRAMIDS are graphical representations designed to show relationships between energy and trophic levels in an ecosystem
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
TOXIN that build up in a food chain ; as the trophic level increases in a food chain, the amount of toxin build up also increases ; BANNED THE USE OF INSECTICIDES
dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDP)
The INCREASING CONCENTRATION of persistent, TOXIC SUBSTANCES at each trophic level, from the primary producers to the different consumer levels is ____ ____
BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION / BIOMAGNIFICATION
Energy flows is a ____ process of transformation
CONTINUAL
ENERGY FLOWS in ONE ______ through ecosystems, entering as SUNLIGHT / inorganic molecules and leaving as HEAT
DIRECTION
the RECYCLING of INORGANIC MATTER between living organisms and their environment
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE:
- Enables the ____ of matter ; utilizing in a form specific for a particular organism
- enables the ___ of molecules from one locality to another
- facilitate the ___ of elements
- assist in ____ of ecosystems
- _____ living organisms with living organisms and living organisms with abiotic factors
- ____ the flow of substances
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSFER
STORAGE
FUNCTIONING
LINK
REGULATE
FIVE MOST COMMON ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIC MOLECULES THT ARE KEY COMPONENTS OF LIFE
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN (WATER)
CARBON
NITROGEN
PHOSPHORUS
____% Fresh water in ICECAPS
____% GROUND WATER
_____% SURFACE WATER (lakes, rivers, swamps)
68
30
0.3
LIMITING NUTRIENT or nutrient that is most scarce and thus limits growth in aquatic
PHOSPHORUS
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS from fertilizers are carried in runoff to lakes and oceans and causes _____ that results in overgrowth or blooms of algae
The ALGAE may deplete oxygen from the water and create a ___ ____
EUTROPHICATION
DEAD ZONE
It is an essential element for growth of PLANTS and needed in AGRICULTURE ; part of modern day industries
NITROGEN
___% F YOUR BODY IS MADE UP OF CARBON ATOMS
18
SOLUTIONS to NUTRIENT POLLUTION
- Controlling the nutrient flow
A. Point source - domestic, animal farm and industrial sewage Treatment and nutrient removal; banning of phosphorus in laundry detergents, soaps and shampoos.
B. Non-point source - reduce fertilizer use; setting aside field attachment areas for nutrient run-offs. - Restoring aquatic ecosystems (lakes and shallow bays)
A. Trapping phosphorus by adding ferric compounds
B. Dredging of sediments with phosphate deposits
C. Chemical control of algal blooms (chlorine, copper sulfate etc.)
