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study group > Science - Forces & Movement > Flashcards

Science - Forces & Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ways forces can be categorized?

A

Contact or Non-Contact
Push or Pull

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2
Q

What is a Contact and a Non-Contact force?

A

Non-Contact forces can act from a distance like Gravity or Magnetism.
Contact forces are touching/in-contact with the body having the force exerted upon it like Friction and Normal force.

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3
Q

What does Push or Pull describe?

A

Push or Pull describes whether the body having a forced exerted on it goes towards or away from the body exerting the force.

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4
Q

Describe Gravity

A

It’s a Non-Contact Pulling force.

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5
Q

Describe Normal Force

A

It’s a contact force

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6
Q

A force can cause an object to

A
  • Change Direction
  • Change Shape
  • Change Speed ( Speed up & Slow down)
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7
Q

What is a Gravitational force?

A

This is the attractive force exerted between bodies because of their
masses.

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8
Q

How does Gravitational force increase/decrease?

A

This force increases if either or both of the masses is increased and
decreases if they are moved further apart.

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9
Q

What is Normal force?

A

This is the repulsive force that stops two touching bodies moving into each other.

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10
Q

What causes Normal force?

A

It is caused by repulsive molecular forces.

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11
Q

What is Friction Force?

A

This is the force that opposes motion.
The kinetic energy of the moving object is converted to heat energy by the force of friction.

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12
Q

What other forces are a type of friction.

A

Water and air resistance are also a type of friction, and will oppose the motion of the body traveling through it.

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13
Q

What is Upthrust?

A

This is the force experienced by objects when they are placed into a fluid (liquid or gas).

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14
Q

Describe Upthrust

A

An object will float on a fluid if the upthrust force equals its weight. If upthrust is bigger, then it’ll rise, if it’s lower it’ll fall.

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15
Q

What is Magnetic force?

A

It is a force between magnets and also is the force that allows electric motors to work.

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16
Q

What is Electrostatic Force?

A

Attractive and repulsive forces due to bodies being charged.

17
Q

What are all physical quantities described by?

A

All physical quantities (e.g. speed and force) are described by a magnitude (a value) and a unit.

18
Q

What describes magnitude and units?

A
  • Vectors - Have magnitude and also direction specified. Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force.
  • Scalars – do not have a direction only magnitude. Examples: distance, speed, mass, work, energy.
19
Q

How do you represent Vectors?

A

An arrowed straight line is used.
The arrow indicates the direction and the length of the line is proportional to the magnitude.

20
Q

What are the original and final overall vectors called?

A
  • The original vectors are called COMPONENT vectors.
  • The final overall vector is called the RESULTANT vector.
21
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

A number of forces acting on a body may be replaced by a single force which has the same effect on the body as the original forces all acting together.
This overall force is called resultant force.

22
Q

Name The 8 Energy Stores

A
  • Chemical
  • Elastic
  • Gravitational Potential
  • Nuclear
  • Kinetic
  • Magnetic
  • Thermal
  • Electrostatic
23
Q

Name The 4 Energy Transfers

A
  • Heating
  • Electrical
  • Radiation (light, EM waves and sound).
  • Mechanical
24
Q

What is the equation of efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Total Energy Transferred By Device / Total Energy Supplied To Device

25
Q

What is Distance?

A

The total movement of an object without any regard to direction.

26
Q

What is Speed?

A

Speed is measured as the ratio of distance to the time in which the distance was covered.

27
Q

What is Velocity?

A

Speed in a given direction.

28
Q

What is Average Speed?

A

Total distance divided by total time.

29
Q

What is Instantaneous Speed?

A

The speed at one given moment.

30
Q

What is Acceleration?

A

The rate of change of speed.

31
Q

What Do These Mean In Graph Lines:
- Diagonally Up
- Horizontal
- Diagonally Down
- Gradient
- Area under graph

A
  • Constant Acceleration
  • Constant Speed
  • Constant Deceleration
  • This is the acceleration/deceleration of the object
  • This is the distance travelled by object
32
Q

What is the equation for acceleration

A

Final Velocity - Start Velocity Divided by Time

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