Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Study Group > Geography - Term 1 Units > Flashcards

Geography - Term 1 Units Flashcards

1
Q

What is a HIC?

A

High Income Country, they are countries with a high income/salary, some examples include: the United States and Canada. (Used to be MEDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a MIC?

A

Middle Income country, countries with a not too low or too high income/salary, some examples include: Albania and Algeria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a LIC?

A

Low Income country, countries with low income/salary, some examples include: Somalia and Burundi. (Used to be LEDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are good institutions important?

A

Good Institutions will help a country grow. Since a good institution will have enough money and are developed, it can help the country by creating many services that benefit people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are poor countries so religious?

A
  • Poor countries are very religious and rely heavily on their culture.
  • This is because they believe that the world they live in currently cannot be improved, so instead, they focus on having a better life in the afterlife, which is very reasonable as to why poor countries are religious.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are poorer countries usually found and why is it bad?

A
  • Poorer countries are found in more tropical regions
  • This causes them to have less fertile soil, which means agriculture is worse.
  • More diseases too.
  • Most poor countries are located in Africa and many landlocked nations tend to be poor.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are development indicators?

A
  • Development Indicators are things that are used to measure how developed a country is.
  • It is also a series of indicators such as: GDP, HDI, Life Expectancy, Number of children in school, adult literacy, literacy rate, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is HDI? (Human development index)

A
  • HDI is human development index.
  • Score out of 1 given to a country based on their quality of life, GDP, etc.
  • HDI is made up of the following: GDP per capita, Life Expectancy, Adult Literacy and Number of children in schools.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 development indicators?

A
  • GDP per capita
  • Life Expectancy
  • Adult literacy
  • Number of children in school
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Gross Domestic Product for? (GDP)

A
  • We can calculate how much money each country earns
  • It includes the total value of goods and services produced within a country
  • GDP per capita (per person)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Life Expectancy?

A
  • Life expectancy is how long an individual lives on average
  • If life expectancy in a country is high, then that means the country has very good health care services and good quality of life.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Adult literacy rates?

A
  • The number of adults who can read and write
    This would be shown as a percentage, or as a figure per thousand.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Number of children in schools?

A

The amount of children attending school, this would be shown as a figure per thousand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is NIC?

A

Newly Industrialised Country, it refers to countries that are developing and are making their way to being one of the developed countries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an institution?

A

An institution is basically an organisation or a government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is there unequal access to clean water?

A
  • People cant afford it.
  • A war forces government to spend money on army, rather than improving the country.
  • The country isnt developed and rich enough to make clean water through different processes (such as desalination).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is there different types of housing?

A
  • People cannot afford to buy houses, so they live in poorly built slums.
  • On the other hand, some people can afford to live in generally well built houses.
  • It also depends on the environment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is going on in Libya?

A
  • A war.
  • People have to leave their homes.
  • Since people have to go live in more rural areas, there is a lack of food and water.
  • Tourists will not visit Libya, which means less money for the country.
  • This is political factor.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is going on in Bangladesh?

A
  • A flood.
  • Destroyed many houses and killed many people.
  • Left people homeless.
  • Many crops were destroyed.
  • Many people lost their land.
  • This is Environmental and Economic factor.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is happening in Haiti?

A
  • An earthquake.
  • It killed 220k people and destroyed 180k homes.
  • The earthquake led to lack of food and clean water.
  • The country is still re-building many things and will take a long time to fix everything.
  • This is Environmental, Political, Economic and Social factor.
21
Q

What is happening in Mali?

A
  • Lack of clean water.
  • Many women have to walk miles to collect water.
  • People can fall into the rivers.
  • The water has lots of diseases.
  • This is Economic, Environmental and Social factor.
22
Q

What is happening in Somalia?

A
  • Famine.
  • Government is corrupt and isnt providing any aid to the people.
  • Somalia lacked beneficial services which worsened the situation.
  • This is Political, Environment, Social and Economic factors.
23
Q

What is happening in Ethiopia?

A
  • Coffee farmers are growing lots of coffee.
  • But, they are paid less.
  • However, FairTrade has helped farmers get paid more and improve their lives.
  • This is Economic and Social factor.
24
Q

What are first world countries?

A

Countries in the capitalist bloc. (Example: USA)

25
Q

What are second world countries?

A

Countries in communist bloc. (Example: Russia)

26
Q

What are third world countries?

A

Countries that are not in capitalist or communist bloc. (Example: Algeria)

27
Q

What is Aid?

A

Aid is the voluntary transfer of resources from one country or (to) another

28
Q

What are the 3 types of aid?

A
  • Non-governmental
  • Bi-lateral
  • Multilateral
29
Q

Define the 3 types of aid

A

Non-governmental - Aid given through charities independently
Bi-lateral - Aid given from one government to another
Multilateral - Aid given through an agency such as the World Bank. This agency then distributes the money to countries that need it.

30
Q

Define Short term & Long-term Aid

A

Short term - Will help people for only a short time e.g., Food package
Long-term - Will help people for a long time e.g, development aid such as building a well.

31
Q

Categorize these situations into either short term or long term aid
- Helicopter Rescue
- Seeds for crops
- Building a well
- Training a teacher
- Blankets
- Buying coffee at a fair price
- Lending money to a small business
- Tents
- Setting up a refugee camp
- Building a dam
- Giving out food parcels
- Vaccinating a baby
- Sending books
- Medicine for malaria

A

S
L
L
L
S
L
L
S
S
L
S
L
L
L

32
Q

What are the positives of aid?

A
  • Can help people improve their health eg. Through medicines,
    building of hospitals, providing doctors, clean water, sanitation.
  • People can become educated eg building schools through government spending.
  • Infrastructure can improve. For example, other countries provide money to develop roads, bridges, buildings that can provide jobs and make life easier. (travel)
  • Farmers can be taught new skills when given farming equipment, seeds and education. They will produce better quality and quantity of food.
33
Q

What are the negatives of aid?

A
  • LIC’s become dependent on countries for help. This means they will never be able to help themselves.
  • Infrastructure projects (building new things) sometimes involve low pay for workers. The new development also might only benefit people or the company who owns the project.
  • Governments can be corrupt and use aid in the wrong ways. For example, don’t give it to those who need it or use money aid for weapons/their own needs.
    -Aid can come in the form of loans which means countries have to pay back the money and become tied to that country.
34
Q

What are reasons aid should be given?

A
  • It creates better relations between countries. No reward is expected, only help.
  • HIC’s will always try and help the LIC’s, and they are morally responsible.
  • Aid brings so many benefits: saving lives, education, housing,
    new skills.
  • Emergency aid such as food and medicine could help people survive when there is a disaster.
  • Development aid will help countries develop areas such as healthcare, education etc. E.g., training teachers will improve Literacy rates.
35
Q

What are reasons aid shouldn’t be given?

A
  • LIC’s will depend on the HIC’s to help them all the times. They will not be self sufficient.
  • Some countries expect Aid to be paid back in some way which causes DEBT.
  • Corruption in the government can mean aid sometimes does not reach the people who need it.
  • LICs countries become dependent on MIC’s for help.
36
Q

What is fair trade?

A

Fair trade is all about making sure the people that grow or make the things will get a fair price for what they do.

37
Q

Why was fair trade implemented?

A
  • We as consumers want to know exactly where our product came from.
  • We want to make sure the product we use is of a high standard and everyone involved in the product was treated ethically. (in a good way)
  • But usually, it is the people who grow food that are worse off than the companies who sell the product and advertise it.
38
Q

What do the farmers benefit from fair trade?

A

The Farmer:
Makes more money
Develops business skills
Contributes to sustainable development
Grows higher quality products
Enables people to help take care of themselves
Send children to school – making their futures better

39
Q

What do the retailers benefit from fair trade?

A

Retailer:
Better or High Quality Product leads to increased sales
Helps Business
Ethically Sourced – means retailers are more knowledgeable about where product comes from.
Can be sourced back to producer.

40
Q

What do the consumers benefit from fair trade?

A

More Choice
Effective way to change the world

41
Q

Why is fair trade not fair?

A
  • Only a very small number of farmers get a higher, fixed price for their goods.
  • These higher prices come at the expense of the great majority of farmers, who are unable to qualify for Fair trade certification and are left even worse off.
  • Fair trade does not aid economic development.
42
Q

What are the 8 Millennium Development Goals?

A

1- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2- Achieve universal primary education
3- Promote gender equality and empower women
4- Reduce child mortality
5- Improve maternal health
6- Combat HIV.Aids malaria and other diseases
7- Ensure environmental sustainability
8- Develop a global partnership for development
The deadline for these goals have a deadline of 2030

43
Q

How does a new school lead to sustainable development in the economy, people and environment?

A

It helps the economy by: Students get skills and grow up to have higher paid jobs.
It helps people by: Education rates increase leading to a more skilled population.
It helps the environment by: Well built schools can improve the look of the overall built environment.

44
Q

How does a new well lead to sustainable development in the economy, people and environment?

A

It helps the economy by: Water can be used for farming. Better crops can be sold for money.
It helps people by: Clean water will improve health
It helps the environment by: Water can be used to water plants. Also clean water, is good for natural environment.

45
Q

How does tourism lead to sustainable development in the economy, people and environment?

A

It helps the economy by: More tourists will come and spend their money. Tourism jobs also created.
It helps people by: Local people meet lots of new cultures and can get jobs.
It helps the environment by: The built environment will improve.

46
Q

How does farming tools lead to sustainable development in the economy, people and environment?

A

It helps the economy by: Better tools will lead to better and more crops which can be sold for more money.
It helps people by: People learn better farming skills and have more money to provide for their family.
It helps the environment by: Better equipment will not destroy the farm land, but maintain it.

47
Q

How does recycling lead to sustainable development in the economy, people and environment?

A

It helps the economy by: If we reuse and recycle waste, we can transform it into something else, and sell it.
It helps people by: Better conscience will mean people will feel good about protecting their world.
It helps the environment by: Less waste therefore less pollution.

48
Q

What are the 4 Job Sectors and what can you tell me about them?

A

Primary - this sector deals with exploiting natural resources (example: agriculture).
Secondary - this sector deals with manufacturing.
Tertiary - this sector deals with providing services to the public (example: ooredoo).
Quaternary - this sector deals with more advanced technology like computers and robots (example: Microsoft).

Study Group (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions