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Science > Science Ch3 > Flashcards

Science Ch3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

There are two main ways substances can cross a cell membrane: ______ _______ crosses the membrane without the cell using energy.

In ______ _______, the cell must use energy to move a substance across the membrane.

A

Passive transport and Active transport

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1
Q

What are the two types of “passive” transport?

A

Diffusion and Osmosis

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2
Q

________ is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A

Diffusion

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3
Q

________ is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

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4
Q

Name the three types of cell boundaries

_____ _____ = All organisms

_____ _____ = plants, algae (NOT humans/animals)

__________ = bacteria

A

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule

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5
Q

In a compound light microscope, total magnification is equal to what?

A

the power of the objective lens times the power of the eyepiece lens

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6
Q

All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, which is described by what model?

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer of phospholipids (“fluid”) with proteins in shapes and pattern of a “mosaic”

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7
Q

The cell’s “powerhouses” that transform food into energy

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

the cell’s “delivery system”. This network of membrane canals is like a transport system

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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9
Q

This organelle makes proteins.

It does NOT have a membrane so it can appear in both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes cells

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

This organelle processes chemicals and substances the cell makes and tries to use them

A

Golgi Apparatus

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11
Q

A plant cell’s “storage container” that stores food, water, wastes, or other materials

A

Vacuoles

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12
Q

the cell’s “garbage disposal” that disposes of substances like foreign materials or stuff the cell no longer needs

A

Lysosomes

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13
Q

These are found in plant cells but not human or animal cells. They use the sun’s rays to make sugar through photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplasts

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14
Q

These organelles are extensions of the cell membrane and are used for movement

A

Cilia and Flagella

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15
Q

These cells have a true nucleus; their genetic material is surrounded by a membrane.

A

Eukaryotic

16
Q

These cell types include protozoans, algae, fungi, plants, animals, and humans. (NOT bacteria)

A

Eukaryotes

17
Q

These cell types do NOT have a membrane around their genetic material. They also do NOT have organelles that are surrounded by a membrane.

A

Prokaryotic

18
Q

Prokaryotic cell types are mostly this thoe of organism?

A

Bacteria

19
Q

________ ________ believes cells are complex and that they cant be made more simple. (You can’t reduce their complexity). Its a problem for evolutionists.

A

Irreducible complexity

20
Q

Is Diffusion is a type of passive or active transport?

A

Passive

21
Q

Cell membranes are composed primarily of what two types of molecules?

A

Lipids and proteins

22
Q

In Osmosis (diffusion) water will move through the membrane from the area of ______ concentration to lower concentration.

A

Higher to lower

23
Q

In Reverse Osmosis, water will move through the membrane from the area of ______ concentration to higher concentration.

A

Lower to higher. (impurities left behind, and the water is purified)

24
Q

Does osmosis require a cell to use energy? Explain.

A

NO. It is a form of passive transport (cell uses NO energy)

25
Q

Which organelle helps keep some unicellular organisms from bursting as they absorb water by osmosis?

a. central vacuole
b. mitochondrion
c. lysosome
d. contractile vacuole

A

a. central vacuole

26
Q 
“powerhouse” of the cell        
stores materials 
passageway/transport for materials  
“garbage disposal”
helps make sugar (Photosynthesis)
Creates movement 
helps make proteins
A

100%. Good job!

27
Q

Give a real world example of diffusion

A

A fart
Perfume spray
Melting sugar

28
Q

List three cellular structures that are found in plant cells but not animal cells.

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles

29
Q

Do the cells of a wilted plant have turgor pressure that is too high or too low? Explain.

A

Too low (wilted has no water)

30
Q

Which of the following does not require a cell to use
energy?

a. moving a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration of that substance
b. moving a substance by active transport
c. moving water into the cell by osmosis
d. moving through the environment by means of flagella

A

C.

31
Q 
A cell needs to store some food molecules. What organelle will the cell most likely use? 
A. chloroplasts	
B. lysosomes 
C. ribosomes	
D. vacuoles
A

D. vacuoles

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