Science Ch3 Flashcards
There are two main ways substances can cross a cell membrane: ______ _______ crosses the membrane without the cell using energy.
In ______ _______, the cell must use energy to move a substance across the membrane.
Passive transport and Active transport
What are the two types of “passive” transport?
Diffusion and Osmosis
________ is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
________ is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis
Name the three types of cell boundaries
_____ _____ = All organisms
_____ _____ = plants, algae (NOT humans/animals)
__________ = bacteria
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
In a compound light microscope, total magnification is equal to what?
the power of the objective lens times the power of the eyepiece lens
All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, which is described by what model?
Fluid Mosaic Model
cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer of phospholipids (“fluid”) with proteins in shapes and pattern of a “mosaic”
The cell’s “powerhouses” that transform food into energy
Mitochondria
the cell’s “delivery system”. This network of membrane canals is like a transport system
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
This organelle makes proteins.
It does NOT have a membrane so it can appear in both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes cells
Ribosomes
This organelle processes chemicals and substances the cell makes and tries to use them
Golgi Apparatus
A plant cell’s “storage container” that stores food, water, wastes, or other materials
Vacuoles
the cell’s “garbage disposal” that disposes of substances like foreign materials or stuff the cell no longer needs
Lysosomes
These are found in plant cells but not human or animal cells. They use the sun’s rays to make sugar through photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
These organelles are extensions of the cell membrane and are used for movement
Cilia and Flagella
These cells have a true nucleus; their genetic material is surrounded by a membrane.
Eukaryotic
These cell types include protozoans, algae, fungi, plants, animals, and humans. (NOT bacteria)
Eukaryotes
These cell types do NOT have a membrane around their genetic material. They also do NOT have organelles that are surrounded by a membrane.
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic cell types are mostly this thoe of organism?
Bacteria
________ ________ believes cells are complex and that they cant be made more simple. (You can’t reduce their complexity). Its a problem for evolutionists.
Irreducible complexity
Is Diffusion is a type of passive or active transport?
Passive
Cell membranes are composed primarily of what two types of molecules?
Lipids and proteins
In Osmosis (diffusion) water will move through the membrane from the area of ______ concentration to lower concentration.
Higher to lower
In Reverse Osmosis, water will move through the membrane from the area of ______ concentration to higher concentration.
Lower to higher. (impurities left behind, and the water is purified)
Does osmosis require a cell to use energy? Explain.
NO. It is a form of passive transport (cell uses NO energy)
Which organelle helps keep some unicellular organisms from bursting as they absorb water by osmosis?
a. central vacuole
b. mitochondrion
c. lysosome
d. contractile vacuole
a. central vacuole
“powerhouse” of the cell stores materials passageway/transport for materials “garbage disposal” helps make sugar (Photosynthesis) Creates movement helps make proteins
100%. Good job!
Give a real world example of diffusion
A fart
Perfume spray
Melting sugar
List three cellular structures that are found in plant cells but not animal cells.
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
Do the cells of a wilted plant have turgor pressure that is too high or too low? Explain.
Too low (wilted has no water)
Which of the following does not require a cell to use
energy?
a. moving a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration of that substance
b. moving a substance by active transport
c. moving water into the cell by osmosis
d. moving through the environment by means of flagella
C.
A cell needs to store some food molecules. What organelle will the cell most likely use? A. chloroplasts B. lysosomes C. ribosomes D. vacuoles
D. vacuoles
