Science 11A Flashcards
Name two ways to classify a plant:
- Do they produce seeds?
2. Does the plant have vascular tissue?
Most plants use seeds to reproduce? These do not. How do these reproduce: Mosses and FernsTulipsPine trees
Mosses and Ferns: sporesTulips: flowers and fruits produce their seedsPine trees: pine cones
_______ ______ conducts water and other materials in some plants.
vascular tissue
If a plant has a phloem or a xylem, is it classified a vascular plant, or non-vascular plant?
vascular plant
True or False: if a plant does NOT have vascular tissue (nonvascular), it does NOT produce seeds?
True. Nonvascular plants reproduce by producing gammates and spores. Vascular plants (with phloem or xylem reproduce with seeds)
Plants can be divided into three major categories (give examples): (Study Figure 11-1)
- Non-vascular
- Vascular with seeds
- Vascular without seeds
- nonvascular (mosses, liverwarts, hornwarts) (short and in water areas)
- vascular with seeds - redwood, conifer trees
- vascular without seeds (ferns, club mosses, horsetails)
If nonvascular plants dont have phloem or xylem, how do they transport material?
Diffusion (usually shorter b/c diffusion can’t push materials up very high like a vascular plant with “tubes”. Nonvascular plants are usually near water
True mosses belong to a group called b______
bryophytes
Moss has two sections, _____ (lower part is always present) and a stalk (top part).
rhizoids (rootlike) is ALWAYS present
Mosses have two stages in their life cycle where a different form of reproduction happens. This is called Alternation of _________.
Alternation of generations.
What are the two type of “Alternation of Generations” in a moss?
gametophyte generation (produces stalk and capsule)
sporophyte generation (spores create leafy gametophyte)
Which type of plants grow taller and in drier places, vascular or nonvascular? Why?
vascular. They move water easy inside themselves
The leaf of a fern is called a ________?
frond
Fronds are attached to an underground stem called a _______. These are true stems. They contain vascular tissue
Rhizome (unlike rhizoids in mosses which are not true stems/roots because they do NOT have vascular tissue)
The young fronds are in tight coils that emerge upwards from the rhizome (true stem) in a fern are called ________?
fiddleheads
In ferns, the thing that produces the spores are called? (SEE PICTURE)
sori (in alternation of generations, dominate fern stage is the sporophyte)
Seed plants drop seeds, not spores. Spores are single-celled, but seeds are multi cells and contain a young plant inside the seed called an _______
embryo (have more energy and barriers than spores)
The two main type of seed plants are _______ and ________?
Angiosperms - largest group of plants in the worldGymnosperms -
How are Angiosperms different than gymnosperms?
- Angiosperm seeds produce fruit which cover their seed! Thus, angiosperm means covered seed. Gymnosperm means (naked), or uncovered seeds.
- All Angiosperms produce flowers, gymnosperms do not. Fruits spawn from flowers
True or False: All Angiosperms produce flowers, and all flowering plants are Angiosperms?
True
Angiosperm or gymnosperm?Apple tree?Christmas tree?Giant redwood tree?Orange tree?
AGGA
Pine trees, giant redwood trees are this type of Gymnosperm? it is the most common gymnosperm and the most important to humans? (wood, paper, houses)
conifer
Plants can be divided into how many seasons they grow?
Annual - ?
Biennial - ?
Perennial - ?
Annual - one season (sprout, grow, flower and make seeds)
Biennial - two seasons (sprout, grow) then (flower)
Perennial - grow all year
This is someone who works with growing vegetables, fruits, flowers or plants (Hanna’s Dad)
Horticulturist
