Chapter 7A

Question 0

How are mutations an example of degeneration?

Answer 0

Mutations have led to new disease and genetic disorders…. These have made humans live shorter lives (opposite of evolutionist who believe people are living longer)

Question 1

One example of degeneration is ________? This is any change in an organism’s genetic material?

Answer 1

mutation

Question 2

The use of living organisms to create a new, more desirable organism or product is called __________.

Answer 2

Biotechnology

Question 3

(True or False) All mutations have a noticeable, harmful effect in an organism.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A mutation that results in the death of the organism is called a(n) __________ mutation.

Answer 4

Lethal mutations

Question 5

How can gene mutations disrupt cellular processes?

Answer 5

Not effect at all (eye cell wont affect skin cell)
Change a little - some cells on skin make moles
Lethal cell- cells die (cancer)

Question 6

Explain why germ mutations can be passed on to the offspring, but somatic mutations cannot.

Answer 6

Somatic mutations occur in cells that DONT produce gametes (sex cells), so they aren’t passed down. Germ cells occur in sex cells (those with egg/sperm)

Question 7

Give an example of an X-linked, recessive human genetic disorder. Would you expect this disorder to occur more often in males or females? Why?

Answer 7

Red-green colorblindness. Mostly in Boys because it occurs on the X chromosome. If mom has recessive X gene, she has a dominate X to defeat it. If she passes bad X gene, father cant pass normal X gene to a boy to replace mom’s mutated gene

Baldness
Muscular dystrophy
Hemophilia

Question 8

Which is an example of a germ mutation?
a. a skin cell mutation

b. a nerve cell mutation
c. an egg cell mutation
d. a bone marrow cell mutation

Answer 8

Egg cell mutation

Question 9

People with Down syndrome have three copies of chro- mosome number 21 instead of the normal two copies. This is an example of a change in __________.

Answer 9

Chromosomal change

Question 10

_____ ________ is a change to the sequence of bases in the segment of DNA that makes up a gene. (For example, thiamine instead of adenine)

Answer 10

gene mutation

Question 11

Mutations that occur in body cells (cells that do not make gametes) are called ________?

Answer 11

Somatic mutations

Question 12

Mutations that occur in gametes or in the cells that form gametes are called ______ _______.

Answer 12

Germ mutations

Question 13

True or False: A germ mutation may not affect the parent, but it can affect the organism’s offspring (kids)?

Answer 13

True

If an offspring develops from a mutated gamete, all of the offspring’s cells will receive the mutated gene.

Question 14

True or False: Mutations that occur in body cells (cells that do NOT make gametes) are passed on to future generations. Why or why not?

Answer 14

False

In other words, a mutation that changes a gene in a skin cell would not affect your children. Why? Because your body cells do not make gametes so they arent transferred to offspring.

Question 15

True or False: Most gene mutations are recessive.

Answer 15

True

Since most organisms have two of every gene, the normal gene (dominant allele) will be expressed. Although the offspring will still have one mutated gene, it probably will have a normal phenotype. However, it is possible for two gametes with the recessive mutation to unite. The organism that results would have two mutated genes and express the mutant trait.

Question 16

A ________ change involves the number of chromosomes or the number or location of genes on a chromosome? (Down syndrome mutation)

Answer 16

Chromosomal change

Question 17

Chromosomal changes that result in an unusual number of chromosomes are sometimes called changes in ______? (the number of sets of chromosomes).

Answer 17

Ploidy