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Science 4B Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Describe the process of aerobic cellular
respiration.

A

Describe

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1
Q

Differentiate between aerobic cellular respi- ration and anaerobic cellular respiration.

A

Differentiate between aerobic cellular respi- ration and anaerobic

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2
Q

List two examples of anaerobic cellular respiration and their uses

A

.

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3
Q

What is a producer and give an example:

A

Something that makes its own energy, like a plant (photosynthesis)

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4
Q

Give two examples of common “producers”

Hint: they often convert sunlight to energy

A

Plants and algae

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5
Q

Other organisms cannot make their own source of energy. They are called:

A

Consumers

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6
Q

How do consumers get their energy?

A

They eat other organisms

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7
Q

Give examples of consumers:

A

humans, animals, fungi, and most bacteria

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8
Q

The breakdown of an energy source to obtain usable energy for the cell is called ______ _______.

A

Cellular respiration

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9
Q

_______ is the most common energy source in cellular respiration.

A

Sugar

Some cells, however, start with other energy sources, such as fats or proteins.

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10
Q

True or False: All organisms (plants, animals, humans, bacteria, fungi, algae, and so on) use cellular respiration to produce usable energy for their cells.

A

True

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11
Q

Sugar in a cell must be broken down into small, usable forms. This usable form of energy for the cell is called ___?

A

ATP

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12
Q

This is a process that cells use to slowly release energy from certain molecules.

A

Cellular respiration

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13
Q

What is the most common energy source used in cellular respiration?

A

Sugar

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14
Q

The first few steps in breaking down sugar occur in the cytoplasm. Little bit of energy. where is most of the energy created?

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Most parts of a cell cannot get energy directly from sugar. Instead, they get energy from these molecules Which are made especially to distribute energy in the cell. (Disassembly line to take apart sugar”

A

ATP

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16
Q

These organelles recharge the ATP molecules by transferring energy from the sugar molecules to these energy molecules.

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

The entire process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria can be summarized with this general equation:

sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

A

Oxygen = aerobic

18
Q

In a chemical equation substances on the left side of the arrow are reactants.

A

Reactants

19
Q

______ are the substances present at the beginning of a chemical reaction; they are the starting point.

A

Reactants

20
Q

On the right side of the arrow are the _____? These are the substances present once the reaction is finished.

A

Products

21
Q

sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Which are reactants and products

A

Reactants: sugar and oxygen

Products: carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

22
Q

The cellular respiration that takes place in mitochondria is ______? This process needs oxygen.

A

Aerobic

23
Q

Many organisms and our body process oxygen, so this is what type of respiration?

A

Aerobic

24
Q

Some cells, however, can break down sugar to supply the energy they need without oxygen.

A

Anaerobic cellular respiration

25
Q

Which produces more usable energy…. Aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration? And why?

A

Aerobic produces more.

Only aerobic respiration goes through the power house mitochondria.

26
Q

Usable energy = ?

A

ATP

27
Q

There are two main types of anaerobic cellular respiration. Their names indicate the products that are produced from the sugar

A
  1. alcoholic fermentation (produces alcohol and carbon dioxide). The yeast in bread dough performs alcoholic fermentation. Bacteria and fungi do this
  2. Lactid Acid fermentation (produces lactic acid). Some bacteria do this yogurt, cottage cheese, buttermilk, and sauerkraut are pro- duced by lactic acid.
28
Q

______ is something that causes bread dough to rise. Yeast is an example. In most bread doughs, yeast makes up less than 2 percent of the ingredients

A

Leaven

29
Q

Give examples of Alcoholic fermentation (produces alcohol and carbon dioxide).

A

Bacteria and fungi

Yeast in bread

30
Q

Give an example of Lactid Acid fermentation (produces lactic acid).

A

Some bacteria

yogurt, cottage cheese, buttermilk, and sauerkraut

(Scarlett is lactose intolerant)

31
Q

Which is more efficient, Anaerobic cellular respiration or Aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Aerobic

32
Q

A molecule of sugar broken down with oxygen produces over _______ more usable energy as a sugar molecule broken down by alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.

A

15 times

33
Q

What causes a runner who gets a cramp or burn in their side, or sore muscles….

A

When muscle cells do not get enough oxygen to perform aerobic cellular respiration, they begin “lactic acid fermentation”

34
Q

Extra Credit: ______ is a type of biofuel—a fuel that is derived from living organisms. It is made by taking the parts of plants that contain sugar and
processing them through alcoholic fermentation. Sugar from crops like corn, is usually used for this fermenting process

A

Ethanol

35
Q

(True or False) All known organisms use cellular respiration to produce usable energy for their cells. (Some aerobic with mitochondria, some without)

A

True

36
Q

What molecule is the “usable” form of energy for the cell?
A. sugar
B. lactic acid
C. DNA
D. ATP

A

ATP

37
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in which organelle?
A. chloroplast
B. nucleus
C. mitochondrion
D. ribosome

List in order the three phases of aerobic cellular respiration.

The cells of your body usually go through which type of respiration?

List two types of anaerobic cellular respiration.
Which generates more energy from the sugar molecule, aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

C. mitochondrion. (They are the powerhouses)

38
Q
  1. List in order the three phases of Aerobic cellular respiration.
A
  1. Glycolysis: (cytoplasm breaks down sugar into ARP molecules called pyruvic acid)
  2. Krebs cycle: (The pyruvic acid from first is transported to the mitochondria, it also produces many electrons that are used during the third phase.)
  3. Electron transport chain. (where most ATP is produced)
39
Q

The cells of your body usually go through which type of respiration?

A

Aerobic cellular respiration (oxygen in blood)

40
Q

List two types of anaerobic cellular respiration.

A

Alcoholic Fermentation

And

Lactic Acid Fermentation

41
Q

Which generates more energy from the sugar molecule, aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

Aerobic (15 times more)

42
Q

Show photos of aerobic vs anaerobic cellular respiration in book

A

…..

Science (24 decks)

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