Chapter 5B

Question 0

What is the process in which DNA is duplicated?

When one DNA molecule forms two DNA molecules

Answer 0

DNA Replication

Question 1

Name the four bases that are found in DNA nucleotides. Which bases pair with each other?

(Make candy model)

Answer 1

Adenine/Thymine
or
Cytosine/Guanine

The bases always pair together AT or CG

Question 2

List three differences between DNA and RNA.

Answer 2

RNA has a SINGLE chain of nucleotides. (DNA is DOUBLE helix)

RNA has different bases. Instead of thymine (DNA), RNA has uracil.

The sugar in RNA is different from the sugar in DNA

Question 3

What type of RNA contains codons?

Answer 3

tRNA (carries three bases at a time)

Question 4

The process of forming RNA from DNA is called
a. replication
b. translation

c. protein synthesis
d. transcription

Answer 4

A. Replication

Question 5

Proteins are made of
a. nucleotides
b. codons

c. nucleic acids
d. amino acids

Answer 5

B. Codons

Question 6

Which shows the correct sequence of events in forming a protein?

a. mRNA → DNA → protein
b. protein → DNA → mRNA
c. DNA → mRNA → protein
d. DNA → protein → mRNA

Answer 6

C. DNA then mRNA then protein

Question 7

A group of four letters can make 64 different combinations. These rules describe the language of genes. In this language the four letters are called ______. The words that are made of three nucleotides each are called ______.

Answer 7

Nucleotides….

Codons

Question 8

Describe the basic structure of a DNA molecule.

Answer 8

Sugar and phosphates on edges. Bases (ATCG) as steps

Question 9

Explain the differences between DNA replication and RNA transcription.

Answer 9

Replication: A new DNA strand is created from scratch to act as DNA

Transcription: a DNA strand is ripped in half to create mRNA

Question 10

Explain how the DNA code controls the production of protein molecules.

Answer 10

?

Question 11

Summarize the process of protein synthesis.

Answer 11

After messenger RNA is made in the nucleus, the mRNA carries a working copy of DNA’s coded message out through pores in the nuclear membrane to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Here, the code is read and the protein is made. The enzymes necessary to put amino acids together to make proteins are on the ribosomes. Manufacturing proteins inside a cell is called protein synthesis.

Question 12

Defend the idea that protein synthesis implies the existence of an intelligent Designer.

Answer 12

?

Question 13

Language of genetics: ACTG

GCTA + TAGC + CCGT + ACCG

letters (nucleotides)
words (codons)
sentences (genes)

Answer 13

…………

Question 14

Letters = ?
words = ?
sentences = ?

All translated into proteins

Answer 14

Nucleotides
Codones
Genes

Question 15

Nucleotides (letters) are arranged into ______?

Codons are arranged into _____?

Genes are the instructions for making _______?

Answer 15

Codons (words)

Genes (sentences)

Proteins

Question 16

James Watson and Francis Crick worked out a model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid….

What is deoxyribonucleic acid?

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

Dr. Watson and Crick said the shape of DNA was like a twisted ladder, which is called a _____ _____?

Answer 17

Double helix

Question 18

This British scientist was already studying DNA before Watson and Crick. They used HER work for their study… She died before she could get the Nobel prize….

Answer 18

Rosalind Franklin

Question 19

The DNA Double Helix is made up of a combination of four nucleotides (letters).

Answer 19

Sugar, a phosphate, and two bases

The sugar and phosphate are the same in each nucleotide and on the ladder rung…. The bases are joined together

Question 20

DNA contains its genetic information in a ____?

Answer 20

Code

Question 21

The code is the arrangement of the ______ in the DNA molecule.

Answer 21

Bases

Question 22

DNA is in the nucleus. Proteins are made outside the nucleus. So how does a cell know what protein to make if the genetic code is stuck in the nucleus? When a cell needs a certain protein, the gene for that protein makes _____?

Answer 22

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 23

Each nucleotide consists of a _____, ______ and _______?

Answer 23

Sugar
Phosphate and
Base

Question 24

Protein synthesis occurs on which organelles?

Answer 24

Ribosomes (Ribo-nucleic Acid)

Question 25

True or False: To form RNA, a section of DNA becomes unzipped

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Because the RNA molecule contains a copy of the DNA’s coded message, it is called messenger RNA (mRNA).

Answer 26

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 27

The process of making a messenger RNA molecule is called ________. transcription
(A “working copy” of the DNA’s code is made)

Answer 27

Transcription

Question 27

Manufacturing proteins inside a cell is called _____ _______.

Answer 27

Protein synthesis

Question 28

Which molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 28

tRNA (transfer RNA)

One cell has over 20 different kinds of tRNA molecules. Each different kind of tRNA attaches to a different amino acid in the cytoplasm.

Question 29

determines which amino acids will be used to make the protein and what order they will be used.

This brings those amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosome

Answer 29

mRNA

tRNA

To summarize, a protein contains at least one chain of amino acids. Transfer RNA molecules bring the amino acids to the messenger RNA on the ribosome and line them up according to the messenger RNA’s sequence of bases.

Question 30

Each group of three bases is called a _____?

ATG, ATT, ATC

Answer 30

Codon

Question 31

Protein Synthesis (make something)

Answer 31

Much is needed to form a protein: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, energy, enzymes, amino acids, and more

Question 32

Creationist vs Evolutionists thoughts on genes and DNA?

Answer 32

Creationists (not evolutionists) believe information (DNA) must come from an intelligent source (God); it doesn’t arrive by chance (evolutionist). Therefore, DNA and protein synthesis testify to the existence of an intelligent Being Who designed and made life.