Schizophrenia -> Treatments Flashcards
Typical drugs
Less popular than atypical
Reduce positive symptoms
Bind to D2 receptors
Lower dopamine levels
Strengths of typical drugs
supporting evidence
tackling symptoms
placebo
severity of symptoms
relapse rate
&
minimising symptoms
cheap
normal life
97%
Weaknesses of typical drugs
side effects
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary strange movement.
&
extra pyramidal side effects
nerve tracts
Parkinson’s disease
Atypical Antipsychotic drugs
Risperidone and Clozapine
dopamine receptors
D2 receptors
increase serotonin activity
fewer side effects than typical drugs
positive and negative symptoms
Strengths of atypical drugs
most effective treatment
&
Clozapine
30-50%
Weaknesses of atypical drugs
resistant to
inconclusive
individual differences
&
treats the symptoms
Revolving door phenomenon
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Changing negative thought patterns
NICE
CBTp
Discussion
- Allows the patient to cope
- evaluate the content of their delusions/hallucinations
- homework
- Positive self-talk
Strengths of CBTp
very effective
drug therapy
using biological and psychological therapies
&
highly trained and effective
empathy, respect honesty and unconditional positive regards
Weaknesses of CBTp
expensive
NHS
drugs are cheaper
&
offered
do not attend
One in ten
NICE Research
effectiveness of CBT
reduce the chance of Hospitalisation
reduction in Hospitalisation rates
less likely to leave the study early
no difference when examining rates of suicide and relapse
added to standard care,
reduce total symptoms scores
Strengths of NICE research
economical issue
hospitalized
cost effective
&
interactionist approach
CBT should be used alongside drugs
Weaknesses of NICE research
Sample is fairly small
robust, objective and scientific evidence
&
not always available
NHS funding
benefit from CBT
Family therapy
psychotherapy which involves all family members
all schizophrenic patients
educates the family
informed consent is important
family dysfunction
support each other
anti-psychotic drugs
Aims of Family therapy
Lowers expressed emotions (EE)
Decreases criticism, anger, frustration and family guilt
Reduces relapse rates
Reduces symptoms of schizophrenia
Strengths of family therapy
economic benefits
NICE
addition to medication/drugs
&
positive impact
50
60%
Weakness of family therapy
open and honest
sensitive information
high EE
&
does not cure
manage the patients’ symptoms
Research on family therapy and schizophrenia: Pharoah
53
family therapy versus standard drug care
take medication successfully
employability skills
relapse rates
Strengths of pharaoh
biological treatment
psychological treatment
interactionist approach
&
improving the mental state
increases medication compliance
Weakness of Pharaoah
Wu
allocating
China
Two conditions
objective or scientific
Token economy
maladaptive learning
reconditioning and operant conditioning
desirable forms of behaviour
drug therapy
institution
strange or unusual behaviour
immediately after
socially appropriate
privileges
manage the patients behaviour
Weaknesses of token economy
problematic
operant conditioning is removed
&
managing a few symptoms
cognitive problems
&
alongside anti-psychotic drugs
effective on its own
&
ethics
desirable behaviours
fully informed consent
Ayllon and Azrin
45 female schizophrenic patients
16 years
plastic tokens
psychotic behaviour
pleasant activities
successful
5-40
reduced
Strengths of Ayllon and Azrin
Dickerson
13 studies
11
increased adaptive behaviour
combined with other therapy
&
no side effects
terrible side effects
very few ethical issues
Weakness of Ayllon and Azrin
female schizophrenic patients
cannot be generalised
