Memory -> Multi-Store Model

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

the process of retaining learned information, and accessing this information when it is needed.

Question 2

Sensory Register

Answer 2

contains unprocessed information received through the senses. It has a separate sensory store for each sensory input. Eg iconic store for visual information.

Question 3

Short-Term Memory (STM):

Answer 3

is a temporary store for information received from the SR.

Question 4

Long-Term Memory (LTM):

Answer 4

a permanent store holding limitless amounts of information for long periods of time, potentially a lifetime.

Question 5

Coding

Answer 5

• Coding in the SR is modality specific. Each sensory store codes information differently.
• Baddeleys 4 lists
• STM: Acoustics
• LTM: Semantics

Question 6

Strength of coding

Answer 6

Lab experiment
Easy to replicate

Question 7

Weakness of coding

Answer 7

Low ecological validity

Question 8

Capacity

Answer 8

Digit span test
9.3 digits & 7.3 letters
Span of STM: 7 (+/-) 2

Question 9

Strength of capacity

Answer 9

First to acknowledge that STM improves with age

Question 10

Weakness of capacity

Answer 10

Low temporal validity

Question 11

Duration - Peterson & Peterson

Answer 11

Trigrams
90% -> 2%
Decay

Question 12

Strength of duration - Peterson & Peterson

Answer 12

Standardised procedure
Eliminated extraneous variables
High level of control

Question 13

Weaknesses of duration - Peterson & Peterson

Answer 13

Findings could have been due to interference
&
Lack of mundane realism

Question 14

Duration- Bahrick

Answer 14

Memory of classmates
Within 15 years: 90%
48 years: 70%

Question 15

Strength of duration - Bahrick

Answer 15

Higher ecological validity than Peterson

Question 16

Weakness of duration - Bahrick

Answer 16

Couldn’t control for extraneous variables

Question 17

The Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM)

Answer 17

Developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin. It attempts to explain how information flows from one memory store to another. There are three permanent structures in the system:
the sensory register (SR), short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Each of these memory stores differ in terms of their capacity, duration, coding and how information is lost from them.

Question 18

Strengths of MSM

Answer 18

HM was unable to code for new LT memories, but had an unaffected STM
&
Serial position effect
- Primacy effect
- Recency effect

Question 19

Weaknesses of MSM

Answer 19

MSM doesn’t explain the ability to multitask
&
Over simplified
Several types of STM & LTM