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3 Psychiatry > Schizophrenia + Psychosis > Flashcards

Schizophrenia + Psychosis Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusion
3rd person auditory hallucinations
thought inteference
passivity disorder

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2
Q

schizophrenic behaviour is described as…

A

catatonic (eg excitement, posturing, negativism)

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3
Q

name the 3 subtypes of schzophrenia

A

paranoid
hebephrenic
subtypes

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4
Q

how do hebephrenic schizophrenia patients present?

A

immature
silly
agitated

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5
Q

main clinical feature of catatonic schizophrenia?

A

abnormal movement

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6
Q

most common form of schizophrenia?

A

paranoid

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7
Q

preluding condition to schizophrenia? what’s the main difference?

A

schizotypal disorder

don’t get as prominent hallucinations/delusions

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8
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

reduced speech, motivation, drive, interest, pleasure, social interaction

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9
Q

what is affect like in schizophrenia?

A

blunted

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10
Q

who gets schizophrenia?

A

young people

peak ages 15-25 years for men, 25-35 for women

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11
Q

risk factors for schizophrenia?

A 
genetic susceptibility
birth complications
drug use
urban dwelling
social deprivation
neurochemical changes eg altered dopamine signalling
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12
Q

premorbid symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

subtle motor, cognitive and social deficits as a child that get slowly worse
odd behaviour and experiences

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13
Q

when are schizophrenic patients most likely to commit suicide?

A

when they recover their insight

1 week after discharge

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14
Q

pathophysiology of schizophenia?

A

overactivity of dopamine pathways in the brain

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15
Q

what brain pathway controls release of prolactin

A

tuberoinfundibular

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16
Q

what does the nigrostriatal pathway control

A

extrapyramidal motor system

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17
Q

D2 receptors open _ channels

A

K+

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18
Q

D2 receptors inhibit _ channels

A

Ca

19
Q

dopamine overactivity leads to….

A

psychosis

20
Q

__activity of NMDA can cause psychosis

A

over

21
Q

what is neuregulin and what does it do?

A

a signalling protein that mediates cell-cell interactions and plays a part in growth and development of multiple organ systems

22
Q

main side effects of antipsychotics?

A

extrapyramidal

23
Q

give examples of extrapyramidal symptoms

A 
acute dyskinesias
dystonic reactions
tardive dyskinesia
Parkinsonism
akinesia
akathisia
24
Q

atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause extra-pyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics T or F

A

T

25
Q

olanzapine is an example of a/an….

A

atypical antipsychotic

26
Q

acute dystonic reactions are painful T or F

A

T

27
Q

Tx for acute dystonic reaction

A

anti-cholinergics

28
Q

what is akathisia?

A

constant restlessness

29
Q

Tx of akathisia

A

reduce dose
change drug
anticholinergics dont work

30
Q

presentation of tardive dyskinesia is mainly located where…

A

orofacial eg tongue out etc

31
Q

why do you get extrapyramidal symptoms from antipsychotics?

A

they downregulate dopamine which causes ACh levels to go up (work like a see-saw), ACh excites neurons so causes symptoms like tremor and dyskinesias etc

32
Q

dopamine ___ whereas ACh ____

A

inhibits

excites

33
Q

what is the main complication of 5-HT2 antagonists?

A

metabolic syndrome

34
Q

side effects of drugs that block histamine?

A

sedation

increased appetite

35
Q

muscarinic receptors are the target of the ___ nervous system

A

parasympathetic

36
Q

what neurotransmitter is known for its sedative effect?

A

histamine

37
Q

what antipsychotic is least likely to cause extra-pyramidal effects?

A

quetiapine

38
Q

quetiapine and olanzapine are atypical antipsychotics T or F

A

T

39
Q

most effective antipsychotic

A

clozapine (BUT it kills people)

40
Q

main complication of clozapine? what other side effects are there

A

agranulocytosis
also get metabolic syndrome and hypersalivation
myocarditis

41
Q

how often do you need blood tests if youre on your first 6 months of clozapine?

A

weekly

42
Q

when can you stop getting blood tests for clozapine

A

after 1 month of cessation

43
Q

blood test frequency on 6-12th month of clozapine?

A

fortnightly

44
Q

what cardiac problem can be caused by clozapine?

A

myocarditis

3 Psychiatry (28 decks)

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