Schizophrenia + Psychosis

Question 1

symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 1

delusion
3rd person auditory hallucinations
thought inteference
passivity disorder

Question 2

schizophrenic behaviour is described as…

Answer 2

catatonic (eg excitement, posturing, negativism)

Question 3

name the 3 subtypes of schzophrenia

Answer 3

paranoid
hebephrenic
subtypes

Question 4

how do hebephrenic schizophrenia patients present?

Answer 4

immature
silly
agitated

Question 5

main clinical feature of catatonic schizophrenia?

Answer 5

abnormal movement

Question 6

most common form of schizophrenia?

Answer 6

paranoid

Question 7

preluding condition to schizophrenia? what’s the main difference?

Answer 7

schizotypal disorder

don’t get as prominent hallucinations/delusions

Question 8

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 8

reduced speech, motivation, drive, interest, pleasure, social interaction

Question 9

what is affect like in schizophrenia?

Answer 9

blunted

Question 10

who gets schizophrenia?

Answer 10

young people

peak ages 15-25 years for men, 25-35 for women

Question 11

risk factors for schizophrenia?

Answer 11

genetic susceptibility
birth complications
drug use
urban dwelling
social deprivation
neurochemical changes eg altered dopamine signalling

Question 12

premorbid symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 12

subtle motor, cognitive and social deficits as a child that get slowly worse
odd behaviour and experiences

Question 13

when are schizophrenic patients most likely to commit suicide?

Answer 13

when they recover their insight

1 week after discharge

Question 14

pathophysiology of schizophenia?

Answer 14

overactivity of dopamine pathways in the brain

Question 15

what brain pathway controls release of prolactin

Answer 15

tuberoinfundibular

Question 16

what does the nigrostriatal pathway control

Answer 16

extrapyramidal motor system

Question 17

D2 receptors open _ channels

Answer 17

K+

Question 18

D2 receptors inhibit _ channels

Answer 18

Ca

Question 19

dopamine overactivity leads to….

Answer 19

psychosis

Question 20

__activity of NMDA can cause psychosis

Answer 20

over

Question 21

what is neuregulin and what does it do?

Answer 21

a signalling protein that mediates cell-cell interactions and plays a part in growth and development of multiple organ systems

Question 22

main side effects of antipsychotics?

Answer 22

extrapyramidal

Question 23

give examples of extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 23

acute dyskinesias
dystonic reactions
tardive dyskinesia
Parkinsonism
akinesia
akathisia

Question 24

atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause extra-pyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics T or F

Answer 24

T

Question 25

olanzapine is an example of a/an....

Answer 25

atypical antipsychotic

Question 26

acute dystonic reactions are painful T or F

Answer 26

T

Question 27

Tx for acute dystonic reaction

Answer 27

anti-cholinergics

Question 28

what is akathisia?

Answer 28

constant restlessness

Question 29

Tx of akathisia

Answer 29

reduce dose change drug anticholinergics dont work

Question 30

presentation of tardive dyskinesia is mainly located where...

Answer 30

orofacial eg tongue out etc

Question 31

why do you get extrapyramidal symptoms from antipsychotics?

Answer 31

they downregulate dopamine which causes ACh levels to go up (work like a see-saw), ACh excites neurons so causes symptoms like tremor and dyskinesias etc

Question 32

dopamine ___ whereas ACh ____

Answer 32

inhibits | excites

Question 33

what is the main complication of 5-HT2 antagonists?

Answer 33

metabolic syndrome

Question 34

side effects of drugs that block histamine?

Answer 34

sedation | increased appetite

Question 35

muscarinic receptors are the target of the ___ nervous system

Answer 35

parasympathetic

Question 36

what neurotransmitter is known for its sedative effect?

Answer 36

histamine

Question 37

what antipsychotic is least likely to cause extra-pyramidal effects?

Answer 37

quetiapine

Question 38

quetiapine and olanzapine are atypical antipsychotics T or F

Answer 38

T

Question 39

most effective antipsychotic

Answer 39

clozapine (BUT it kills people)

Question 40

main complication of clozapine? what other side effects are there

Answer 40

agranulocytosis also get metabolic syndrome and hypersalivation myocarditis

Question 41

how often do you need blood tests if youre on your first 6 months of clozapine?

Answer 41

weekly

Question 42

when can you stop getting blood tests for clozapine

Answer 42

after 1 month of cessation

Question 43

blood test frequency on 6-12th month of clozapine?

Answer 43

fortnightly

Question 44

what cardiac problem can be caused by clozapine?

Answer 44

myocarditis