Learning Disability Flashcards
define learning disability
condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, characterised by decreased levels of intelligence ie cognitive, language, motor and social abilities
your IQ has to be under __ to be diagnosed with a LD?
70
criteria for diagnosis of LD?
IQ <70
deficits in adaptive functioning
onset of problems <18 years old
what is most commonly used for psychometric assessment of someone with LD?
wechsler adult intelligence scale
what percentage of the population hve an IQ under 70?
3%
dyslexia is a learning disability T or F
F, it is an educational difficulty
when would you retest someone for LD based on their score?
if they score between 5 points of the borderline
if a LD is immediately apparent from the patient, what could be the main causative pathology?
a genetic abnormality
borderline LD is defined as an IQ of…
70-84
profound LD is defined as an IQ of….
<20
moderate LD is defined as an IQ of…
35-49
mental age for an IQ of 50-69?
9-12
mental age for an IQ of 70-84?
12-15
most common LD?
mild LD
what can those with mild LD achieve without difficulty?
everyday speech, although can be delayed
have full independence eg dressing
capable of unskilled/semiskilled work
moderate LD means the patient has a mental age of….
6-9yrs
patients with moderate LD are usually fully mobile T or F
T
what level of LD do organic aetiologies play a part?
moderate
severe
profound
what comorbidities are common in someone with moderate LD?
epilepsy
physical disability
when does language become very impaired and slow in LD?
moderate LD
antenatal causes of LD?
maternal infection eg rubella/CMV/toxoplasmosis
poor diet
substance abuse
birth causes of LD?
extreme prematurity birth injury neonatal septicaemia pneumonia meningitis/encephalitis cerebral anoxia
postnatal causes of LD?
metabolic causes
hypoglycaemia
congenital hypothyroidisim
high bilirubin
infantile causes of LD?
infections
NAI
trauma
toxins
chromosomal causes of LD?
downs syndrome patau syndrome edwards sndrome cri du chat angelman's prader-willi velo-cardiofacial williams syndrome
what conditions presents with LD, over-eating, self injurious behaviour?
prader-willi
prader-willi is maternally/paternally derived
paternally
what LD-causing chromosomal abnormality is maternally derived?
angelman’s
sex-chromosomal causes of LD?
trisomy X klinefelters XYY fragile X turners are usually fine
genetic causes of LD?
phenylketonuria
tunerois sclerosis
congenital hypothyroidsm
what are the 3 aspects of a LD?
the impairment itself
resulting disability
resulting social handicap
how much more common are psychiatric disorders in people with LD compared to the general population?
3 times
physical symptoms of LD?
constipation
epilepsy
pain eg in teeth/ear
Tx of LD?
behavioural techniques eg relaxation
CBT
psychodynamic therapy
when would you manage LD pharmacologically?
if they had comorbidities eg epilepsy
main presenting symptom of schizophrenia in someone with LD?
behaviour change eg unexplained aggression, mood lability, social withdrawal
somatic symptoms are increased in depression in PWLD T or F
T
triad of symptoms in autism?
abnormal social interaction
communication impairment
rigid/restricted or repetitive behaviour, interests or activities
Tx of autism?
structure- behavioural interventions
routine
predictability
communication eg SLT involvement
