Psychosis Flashcards
classic characteristics of psychosis?
hallucinations
delusions
passiity phenomena
thought interference
define psychosis
inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality that is characterised by lack of insight
paranoid psychoses are also referred to as
dementia praecox
give an example of a paranoid psychotic condition?
schizophrenia
if a patient has overlap of schizophrenic symptoms and bipolar disorder what condition could they have?
schizoaffective disorder
non-psychiatric causes of psychosis
delirium dementias brain injury stroke alcohol use/withdrawal eg DT
what happens to the brain when you have hallucinations
aberrant brain processing
define hallucinations
a perception which occurs in the absence of an external stimulus which is experienced as originating in real space, not just thoughts
hallucinations have the same qualities as normal perception T or F
T
give examples of normal hallucinations?
sensory deprivation tank
hypnagogia/hypnopompia (hallucinations when youre falling into/out of sleep)
give examples of simple hallucinations
formless sound
murmuring
2D shapes
give examples of a complex hallucination
solid figure
voice
music
give an example of a haptic hallucination?
something is going on inside you ie your guts are dying, someone has planted something inside you
give an example of a tactile hallucination?
feeling something on you ie insects
define paranoia
the belief that external events are related to oneself
define delusion?
a fixed, falsely held belief that is held with unshakeable conviction
ideas of reference are a feature of what condition?
schizophrenia
delusional disordr
bipolar
give examples of ideas of reference
beliefs that others are looking at them in unusual ways, reacting to their appearance, disgusted by it
or making fun of or talking about them
when does a delusion become a secondary delusion?
if it is preceded by an event such as a hallucination;
often an attempt to explain an event
how does thought disorder present?
odd patterns of speech eg neologisms, knight’s move thinking, punning, tangentiality, loosening of associations
severe symptoms of thought disorder
verbigeration/word salad (can’t communicate properly
define thought insertion
thinking your thoughts dont belong to you
what is thought broadcasting?
thinking everyone knows what youre thinking about
what is thought withdrawal?
thinking people are taking thoughts out of your head
how can you assess through MSE if the patient is psychotic? what questions could you ask?
“what would you say if someone said to you that these beliefs are not true”
“can you explain to me how this is possible?”
assess their INSIGHT
how could you approach a psychotic patient about admitting them?
“i think that this is evidence that you are actually unwell and i think you need to be in hospital for some treatment - although i recognise you disagree with this”
what kind of hallucinations indicate schizophrenia? give an example
3rd person auditory
eg people are talking about you
paranoid and self referential delusions are not specific to any diagnosis T or F
T
visual hallucinations are present in what psychiatric conditions
substance misuse
delirium
dementia
drug induced hallucinations are generally short lived T or T
T
grandiose delusions present in….
BPAD
schizophrenia
substance misuse
what does mood congruent mean in terms of hallucinations?
the content of them will be based on mood eg if you’re sad the hallucinations will also be sad
describe the passivity phenomenon
core feature: the belief that one is no longer in control of one’s own body, feelings or thoughts;
feel an external agent is controlling them to feel emotions, do things or to experience bodily sensations
the passivity phenomenon is present in what conditions…
substance abuse
schizophrenia
“clouding of consciousness”
delirium
delirium is worse at what time?
night
thought disorder is a feature of what conditions?
schizophrenia
mania
what are ideas of reference?
a thought disorder characterised by a delusional belief that media content, e.g. TV or radio broadcast, refers to oneself, or that others are talking or thinking about oneself.
a patient believes his parents are trying to poison him; this is an example of what kind of psychopathology?
paranoid delusion
if someone says they’re paranoid, what should you reply?
what do you mean by paranoid?
“everyone has access to my thoughts”
thought broadcasting
what form of psychopathology involves the patient feeling they’re having thoughts delivered to them by someone else?
thought insertion
heritability of schizophrenia?
around 80%
“proportion of observable differences in a trait between individuals in a population thats due to genetic differences” defines….
heritability
lifetime risk of getting schizophrenia if a first degree relative has it?
12%
if your MZ twin has schizophrenia how likely are you to get it?
45%
a viral illness in what trimester increases your risk of psychosis?
2nd
what obstetric problems can increase rsk of psychosis
preeclampsia
fetal hypoxia
emergency C section
what childhood infection can increase schizophrenia risk by 50%
viral CNS infection
schizophrenia is associated with primarily __ matter abnormalities
grey
there is evidence of neuronal loss in schizophrenia T or F
F
enlargement of what part of the brain at diagnosis is present in schizophrenia?
ventricles
there is evidence of gliosis in schizophrenia T ro F
F
