ADHD Flashcards
name the triad of symptoms in ADHD
inattention - not listening/completing tasks
hyperactivity - fidgeting/cant sit still
impulsivity - interrupting
symptoms of ADHD present from what age…
age 5
the classic triad of symptoms in ADHD must meet what criteria to be a diagnosis of of ADHD
developmentally inappropriate
impaired functioning
present across settings
present from age 5
how does the triad of symptoms in adult ADHD differ from childhood ADHD?
less hyperactivity and impulsivity
more inattentive
frequency of psychiatric comorbidities is more common in child/adult ADHD?
adult
why can some adults with ADHD symptoms appear “normal”?
increase in cortical thickness ie maturation can compensative for cognitive deficits
what neurotransmitter genes are mainly involved in ADHD
dopamine (high level of reuptake inhibitors)
serotonin
perinatal risk factors for ADHD
tobacco/alcohol use prematurity perinatal hypoxia foetal distess, eclampsia viral infection
what kind of parenting can increase risk of ADHD?
inconsistent parenting
maltreatment
emotional trauma
what factors cause ADHD
a genetic disposition magnified by psychosocial factors which affect the brain’s neuronal pathways
what brain lobe is underactive in ADHD? what does this lobe manage?
frontal lobe (planning, reasoning, impulse control, long term memory, social/sexual relations)
a reduction in norepinephrine causes what symptoms?
problems with attention
decreased serotinin causes what symptoms?
mood and social behaviour
what parts of the history are particularly important?
developmental history attachment style risk factors family history what are they like in school?
for an adult to have ADHD they must have current clinical symptoms not just a positive history T or F
T
diagnostic criteria for childhood ADHD?
need 6 inattentive symptoms
need 6 hyperactivity/impulsive symptoms
present before age 5
affect daily life and clear to others
diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD?
5 inattentive symptoms
5 hyperactivity/impulsive symptoms
affect daily life
psychosocial Tx of ADHD
parent training
social skills training
behavioural classroom changes
sleep and diet changes
1st line pharmacological Tx of ADHD
methylphenidate
dezampfetamine
lisdexamentamine
2nd line pharmacological Tx of ADHD
atomoxetine (SNRI)
3rd line pharmacological Tx of ADHD
clonidine
guanfacine (alpha agonists)
4th line pharmacological Tx of ADHD
imipriamine (antidepressant)
risperidone (antipsychotic)
what do SNRIs do pharmacologically in ADHD?
block sympathetic stimulation by increasing norepinephrine
what does methylphenidate do?
increases dopamine by blocking its transporter
symptoms must be present for >__ months for diagnosis to be made
6
