Abnormal Mood: Depression Flashcards
if a mood disorder has diurnal variation what does this mean?
it varies throughout the day
early morning wakening is defined as waking _ hours before normal
2
diurnal variation is a feature of depression T or F
T, better in the evening and worse in the morning
what is anhedonia?
loss of enjoyment/pleasure
what is psychomotor retardation?
subjective or objective slowing of thoughts and/or movement
extreme form of psychomotor retardation?
stupor (not eating/drinking/moving)
what would you see on the appearance/behaviour section of an MSE in a patient with depression
reduced facial expression
furrowed brow
lack of eye contact
gesturing and rapport limited
what is the speech in a depressed patient like?
reduced rate, pitch, volume, intonation
short, brief answers
men tend to have more of an irritable depression T or F
T
what is the affect like in depression?
depressed, reduced range, limited reactivity (to changes in subject, context etc)
how do the patient’s thoughts present in depression?
slowed or absent
negative and self-accusatory
delusions can occur
perceptual disturbance is severely affected in depression T or F
F
what is self-referential thinking? what condition is this common in?
having the perception that people are talking about you
schizophrenia
what kind of hallucinations can someone with depression get?
auditory 2nd person i.e YOU are a bad person
how is cognition affected in depression
can present with dementia-like symptoms
attention and planning affected
insight is preserved in depression T or F
T
if a patient has preserved insight what does this mean?
they are aware of their symptoms (this can make it worse)
define initial insomnia
trouble getting to sleep (>1hr)
define middle insomnia
frequent waking during the night
unrefreshing sleep/poor quality
define late insomnia
early morning wakening
prevalence of depression in teenagers (%)?
3-5%
chronic depression is classed as lasting over _ years
2
psychotic symptoms + depressive symptoms = ….
psychotic depression
schizophrenia presents with no change in mood T or F
T
define dysthymia
chronic persistent low grade mild depression
patient CAN work
problems with concentration
some sleep trouble
major depressive disorder covers what levels of depression?
mod-severe depression
how long should the depressive symptoms last to qualify as depression?
2 weeks
if you have an episode of ____ along with low mood you can’t have depression
mania
name the 3 symptoms required to diagnose depression (need 2/3)
depressed mood >2 weeks
reduced enjoyment/interest
decreased energy
name some symptoms of depression along with the main core symptoms?
loss of confidence unreasonable guilt suicidal behaviour poor concentration agitation/slowness sleep disturbance change in appetite
for moderate depression how many symptoms do you need?
6
for severe depression how many symptoms do you need?
all 3 core symptoms plus 5 other
paranoid, mood congruent patient who is a hypochondriac and thinks “people are trying to poison me”
psychotic depression
cotard’s syndrome is most common at what age?
elderly
cotards syndrome is a form of…
psychotic depression
criteria for atypical depression?
mood reactivity (brightens to positive things) weight gain/appetite increase hypersomnia heavy arms/legs interpersonal rejection sensitivity
what happens to cortisol levels when dexamethasone is given to a depressed patients
dexamethasone fails to suppress cortisol
