schizophrenia - management of schizophrenia

Question 1

what are token economies?

Answer 1

they are used in psychiatric hospitals, it does not cure positive symptoms but can help with negatives, can lead to patients becoming institutionalised.

Question 2

allyon and azrin

Answer 2

• token economy in the female ward, when there was good behaviour tokens were rewarded.
• tokens could be swapped for ward privileges.
• used in the 60s and 70s when treating schizophrenia was long-term hospitalisation.

Question 3

rationale for token economies

Answer 3

institutionalisation develops under the circumstances of prolonged hospitalisation. one outcome is that people often develop bad habits and this is the response to living without routine.

Question 4

mateson et al 2016

Answer 4

identified three categories of institutional behaviour:
1) personal care
2) condition-related behaviours
3) social behaviour

Question 5

what is the theory behind token economies?

Answer 5

based on operant conditioning, tokens are the secondary reinforces and the meaningful rewards are primary reinforces.