Schizopherinia Flashcards
What are the 3 Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised Thinking
What are 4 Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Speech Poverty
- Lack of Emotion (Flat Affect)
- Avolition
- Apathy (Lack of Emotion)
What is meant by Inter Rated Reliability in Diagnosis
When doctors make the same diagnosis when independently assessing a patient
What did the Copeland Study find
- 69% US Psychiatrists gave Schizophrenia Diagnosis
- 2% UK Psychiatrists gave Schizophrenia Diagnosis
- Shows lack of reliability
Define Comorbidity
One disorder coexists with another
Define Overlapping Symptoms
Symptoms of Schizophrenia can be used to diagnose other disorders
Explain Dopamine Hypothesis
- Elevated levels of Dopamine in Key Pathways
- Increased impulses being transmitted
- Triggering positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Explain the Randrup & Munkvad Study
- Gave a sample of Ampthetamies to Rats
- Their dopamine levels increased and caused them to have attention issues
What are the 3 Neural Correlates of Schizophrenia
- Enlarged Ventricles
- Hypofrontality
- Hippocampul - Amygdala Region
What are the 3 family explanations for Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenogenic Mother
- Double Bind Hypothesis
- High Expressed Emotions
What is a Schizophrenogenic Mother
Someone who is insensitive, controlling and overprotective
Define Double Bind Hypothesis
Giving conflicting messages towards a child causing them to have a poor construction of reality
What are the 3 factors that are involved in Dysfunctional Though Processing
- Dysfunction in the Central Monitoring System
- Dysfunction in the Supervisory Attention System
- Egocentric Bias
Define Typical Drugs
- Reduces levels of Dopamine in the brain
- Binds to D2 receptor sites, lowering Dopamine Transmission
Define Atypical Drugs
- Modulates levels of Dopamine and Serotonin in key pathways
3 Topic in Gender Bias
- Biased Research
- Unreported Facts
- Under diagnosis
What does a faulty C4 gene lead to
Abnormal Synaptic Pruning
Outline Gottesmen and Shield
- Children with 2 Schz parents (100%) 46%
- 2nd degree relatives (25%) 5%
Outline the Joseph Research
DZ (100%) 7% Concordance
MZ (100%) 40% Concordance
Outline Enlarged Ventricles
Often found at the start and is linked to negative symptoms such as speech poverty
Outline Hypofronatilty
- Reduced activity in the frontal lobe
- Disruption in the cerebral blood flow distribution
Outline the effect of Atypical Drug is the Mesolimbic Pathway
- Sensory pathway is involved with emotions and sensations of pleasure
- It reduces the Hyperactivity of dopamine, leading to reduction of positive symptoms
Outline Integrated Psychological Therapy (IBT)
- Helps to improve attention
- Identifies cognitive deficits and fixes them in a non confrontal way
- Taught to recognise and respond to social cues
- Done through taking part in engaging group exercises
Outline the 5 stages in Family Therapy
- Trusting Relationships
- Educate
- Practical Coping Strategies
- How to express concerns
- Early Signs of relapse
Outline Token Economy
- Normal Behaviour that are desired are positively reinforced
- Plastic Tokens are used as secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for primary reinforcers
- Primary Reinforcers must be highly desirable
