Psychopathology

Question 1

What are the 4 different types of definitions for Abnormality

Answer 1

-Statistical Infrequency
-Deviation from Social Norms
-Deviation from Ideal Mental Health
-Failure to Function Adequately

Question 2

What is the definition of Statistical Infrequency

Answer 2

A behaviour which is seen as abnormal if its statistically uncommon

Question 3

What is an example of Statistical Infrequency

Answer 3

IQ test

Question 4

What is an average IQ

Answer 4

85 - 115

Question 5

What is an abnormal IQ

Answer 5

135

Question 6

What is Deviation from Social Norms

Answer 6

Behaviour which goes against what most people in society feel is correct

Question 7

What is a situational norm

Answer 7

Whether something is socially acceptable depending on the environment

Question 8

What is a Developmental norm

Answer 8

Behaviour which is accepted at a certain age

Question 9

What is Deviation from Ideal Mental Health

Answer 9

When someone strays away from the ideal mental state

Question 10

What are Jahoea’s 6 characteristics of Ideal Mental Health

Answer 10

-Autonomy
-Self actualisation
-Environmental mastery
-Resisting stress
-Accurate perception of reality
-Positive attitude towards oneself

Question 11

What is Failure to Function Adequately

Answer 11

When someone is failing to function properly

Question 12

What are Rosenhan’s 6 features of Failure to Function Adequately

Answer 12

-Personal Distress
-Maladaptive Behaviour
-Irrationality
-Observer Discomfort
-Violation of morals
-Unpredictability

Question 13

What are 2 emotional characteristic of a phobia

Answer 13

-High levels of anxiety
-Fear when present with phobia

Question 14

What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a phobia

Answer 14

-Panic attacks
-Freezing
-Disrupted everyday functioning

Question 15

What are 2 Cognitive characteristic of a phobia

Answer 15

-Irrational Beliefs
-Paying selective attention

Question 16

What are 2 Emotional characteristic of a Depression

Answer 16

-Low mood
-Anger
-Low self esteem

Question 17

What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a Depression

Answer 17

-Insomnia (Reduced Sleep)
-Lack of interest
-Aggression towards others
-Self harm

Question 18

What are 2 Cognitive characteristic of a Depression

Answer 18

-Poor concentration
-Suicidal thoughts

Question 19

What are 2 Emotional characteristic of a OCD

Answer 19

-Low mood
-Disgust
-Anxiety

Question 20

What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a OCD

Answer 20

-Repetitive Behaviour
-Avoidance of situations

Question 21

What are 2 Cognetive characteristic of a OCD

Answer 21

-Obsessive thoughts
-Coping strategies

Question 22

What does the learning theory consist of

Answer 22

Classical and Operant conditioning

Question 23

What is Operant conditioning

Answer 23

Learning through negative reinforcement

Question 24

What is Classical conditioning

Answer 24

Learning through conditioning

Question 25

What happened in the Little Albert Study

Answer 25

-Baby had no fear towards white fluffy animals -Researcher gave baby fluffy animal and then a loud noise -Baby associated the loud noise with the fluffy animal and would cry

Question 26

What is Systematic Desensitisation

Answer 26

The process of slowly introducing someone to their phobia

Question 27

What are the 3 stages in Systematic Desensitisation

Answer 27

- Fear Hierarchy - Relaxation Training - Graduate Exposure

Question 28

Define Flooding

Answer 28

Exposing someone immediately to their phobia

Question 29

What are the 2 Cognitive Explanations of Depression

Answer 29

- Becks Negative Triad - Ellis ABC Model

Question 30

What are the 3 Components of Becks Negative Triad

Answer 30

- Negative view of one’s self - Negative view about the future - Negative view about the world

Question 31

What is the Diathesis Stress Model

Answer 31

Predisposition + Stress = Disorder

Question 32

Outline Genetic Explanation for OCD

Answer 32

- People inherit predisposition of OCD from their Parents - SERT + COMP Gene

Question 33

What are the result for Neadst

Answer 33

- DZ (Non identical) 50% Shared info has a concordance rate of 31% - MZ (Identical) 100% Shared info has a concordance rate of 68%

Question 34

Outline the Neural Explanation for OCD

Answer 34

- Presynaptic Neurons release Neurotransmitter - This is detected by receptors on the postsynaptic neuron - Sertonin is sent through the synaptic gap - Message is sent and serotonin detaches for receptors - Take back up through process of reuptake

Question 35

Results of McGrath Study

Answer 35

Found that 75% of ppts with specific phobia showed improvement towards it through SD

Question 36

Outline Wolpe study

Answer 36

- Removed a girl’s phobia of cars - Forced into a car and driven around for 4 Hours - Stop once her anxiety was removed

Question 37

Outline Becks Negative Triad

Answer 37

- Self blame - Expectation of failure - Minimisation - Overgeneralisation

Question 38

Outline CBT

Answer 38

- Identifying negative thinking - Challenging Irrational Thoughts - Skill Acquisition - Follow up

Question 39

Outline the worry circuit

Answer 39

- Fauty caudate nucleus in the Orbital Frontal Cortex - Unable to suppress minor worries - Thalamus is alerted - Unable to move on resulting in repetitive behaviour