Psychopathology Flashcards
What are the 4 different types of definitions for Abnormality
-Statistical Infrequency
-Deviation from Social Norms
-Deviation from Ideal Mental Health
-Failure to Function Adequately
What is the definition of Statistical Infrequency
A behaviour which is seen as abnormal if its statistically uncommon
What is an example of Statistical Infrequency
IQ test
What is an average IQ
85 - 115
What is an abnormal IQ
135
What is Deviation from Social Norms
Behaviour which goes against what most people in society feel is correct
What is a situational norm
Whether something is socially acceptable depending on the environment
What is a Developmental norm
Behaviour which is accepted at a certain age
What is Deviation from Ideal Mental Health
When someone strays away from the ideal mental state
What are Jahoea’s 6 characteristics of Ideal Mental Health
-Autonomy
-Self actualisation
-Environmental mastery
-Resisting stress
-Accurate perception of reality
-Positive attitude towards oneself
What is Failure to Function Adequately
When someone is failing to function properly
What are Rosenhan’s 6 features of Failure to Function Adequately
-Personal Distress
-Maladaptive Behaviour
-Irrationality
-Observer Discomfort
-Violation of morals
-Unpredictability
What are 2 emotional characteristic of a phobia
-High levels of anxiety
-Fear when present with phobia
What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a phobia
-Panic attacks
-Freezing
-Disrupted everyday functioning
What are 2 Cognitive characteristic of a phobia
-Irrational Beliefs
-Paying selective attention
What are 2 Emotional characteristic of a Depression
-Low mood
-Anger
-Low self esteem
What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a Depression
-Insomnia (Reduced Sleep)
-Lack of interest
-Aggression towards others
-Self harm
What are 2 Cognitive characteristic of a Depression
-Poor concentration
-Suicidal thoughts
What are 2 Emotional characteristic of a OCD
-Low mood
-Disgust
-Anxiety
What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a OCD
-Repetitive Behaviour
-Avoidance of situations
What are 2 Cognetive characteristic of a OCD
-Obsessive thoughts
-Coping strategies
What does the learning theory consist of
Classical and Operant conditioning
What is Operant conditioning
Learning through negative reinforcement
What is Classical conditioning
Learning through conditioning
What happened in the Little Albert Study
-Baby had no fear towards white fluffy animals
-Researcher gave baby fluffy animal and then a loud noise
-Baby associated the loud noise with the fluffy animal and would cry
What is Systematic Desensitisation
The process of slowly introducing someone to their phobia
What are the 3 stages in Systematic Desensitisation
- Fear Hierarchy
- Relaxation Training
- Graduate Exposure
Define Flooding
Exposing someone immediately to their phobia
What are the 2 Cognitive Explanations of Depression
- Becks Negative Triad
- Ellis ABC Model
What are the 3 Components of Becks Negative Triad
- Negative view of one’s self
- Negative view about the future
- Negative view about the world
What is the Diathesis Stress Model
Predisposition + Stress = Disorder
Outline Genetic Explanation for OCD
- People inherit predisposition of OCD from their Parents
- SERT + COMP Gene
What are the result for Neadst
- DZ (Non identical) 50% Shared info has a concordance rate of 31%
- MZ (Identical) 100% Shared info has a concordance rate of 68%
Outline the Neural Explanation for OCD
- Presynaptic Neurons release Neurotransmitter
- This is detected by receptors on the postsynaptic neuron
- Sertonin is sent through the synaptic gap
- Message is sent and serotonin detaches for receptors
- Take back up through process of reuptake
Results of McGrath Study
Found that 75% of ppts with specific phobia showed improvement towards it through SD
Outline Wolpe study
- Removed a girl’s phobia of cars
- Forced into a car and driven around for 4 Hours
- Stop once her anxiety was removed
Outline Becks Negative Triad
- Self blame
- Expectation of failure
- Minimisation
- Overgeneralisation
Outline CBT
- Identifying negative thinking
- Challenging Irrational Thoughts
- Skill Acquisition
- Follow up
Outline the worry circuit
- Fauty caudate nucleus in the Orbital Frontal Cortex
- Unable to suppress minor worries
- Thalamus is alerted
- Unable to move on resulting in repetitive behaviour
