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Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 different types of definitions for Abnormality

A

-Statistical Infrequency
-Deviation from Social Norms
-Deviation from Ideal Mental Health
-Failure to Function Adequately

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2
Q

What is the definition of Statistical Infrequency

A

A behaviour which is seen as abnormal if its statistically uncommon

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3
Q

What is an example of Statistical Infrequency

A

IQ test

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4
Q

What is an average IQ

A

85 - 115

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5
Q

What is an abnormal IQ

A

135

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6
Q

What is Deviation from Social Norms

A

Behaviour which goes against what most people in society feel is correct

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7
Q

What is a situational norm

A

Whether something is socially acceptable depending on the environment

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8
Q

What is a Developmental norm

A

Behaviour which is accepted at a certain age

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9
Q

What is Deviation from Ideal Mental Health

A

When someone strays away from the ideal mental state

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10
Q

What are Jahoea’s 6 characteristics of Ideal Mental Health

A

-Autonomy
-Self actualisation
-Environmental mastery
-Resisting stress
-Accurate perception of reality
-Positive attitude towards oneself

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11
Q

What is Failure to Function Adequately

A

When someone is failing to function properly

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12
Q

What are Rosenhan’s 6 features of Failure to Function Adequately

A

-Personal Distress
-Maladaptive Behaviour
-Irrationality
-Observer Discomfort
-Violation of morals
-Unpredictability

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13
Q

What are 2 emotional characteristic of a phobia

A

-High levels of anxiety
-Fear when present with phobia

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14
Q

What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a phobia

A

-Panic attacks
-Freezing
-Disrupted everyday functioning

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15
Q

What are 2 Cognitive characteristic of a phobia

A

-Irrational Beliefs
-Paying selective attention

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16
Q

What are 2 Emotional characteristic of a Depression

A

-Low mood
-Anger
-Low self esteem

17
Q

What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a Depression

A

-Insomnia (Reduced Sleep)
-Lack of interest
-Aggression towards others
-Self harm

18
Q

What are 2 Cognitive characteristic of a Depression

A

-Poor concentration
-Suicidal thoughts

19
Q

What are 2 Emotional characteristic of a OCD

A

-Low mood
-Disgust
-Anxiety

20
Q

What are 2 Behavioural characteristic of a OCD

A

-Repetitive Behaviour
-Avoidance of situations

21
Q

What are 2 Cognetive characteristic of a OCD

A

-Obsessive thoughts
-Coping strategies

22
Q

What does the learning theory consist of

A

Classical and Operant conditioning

23
Q

What is Operant conditioning

A

Learning through negative reinforcement

24
Q

What is Classical conditioning

A

Learning through conditioning

25
Q

What happened in the Little Albert Study

A

-Baby had no fear towards white fluffy animals
-Researcher gave baby fluffy animal and then a loud noise
-Baby associated the loud noise with the fluffy animal and would cry

26
Q

What is Systematic Desensitisation

A

The process of slowly introducing someone to their phobia

27
Q

What are the 3 stages in Systematic Desensitisation

A
  • Fear Hierarchy
  • Relaxation Training
  • Graduate Exposure
28
Q

Define Flooding

A

Exposing someone immediately to their phobia

29
Q

What are the 2 Cognitive Explanations of Depression

A
  • Becks Negative Triad
  • Ellis ABC Model
30
Q

What are the 3 Components of Becks Negative Triad

A
  • Negative view of one’s self
  • Negative view about the future
  • Negative view about the world
31
Q

What is the Diathesis Stress Model

A

Predisposition + Stress = Disorder

32
Q

Outline Genetic Explanation for OCD

A
  • People inherit predisposition of OCD from their Parents
  • SERT + COMP Gene
33
Q

What are the result for Neadst

A
  • DZ (Non identical) 50% Shared info has a concordance rate of 31%
  • MZ (Identical) 100% Shared info has a concordance rate of 68%
34
Q

Outline the Neural Explanation for OCD

A
  • Presynaptic Neurons release Neurotransmitter
  • This is detected by receptors on the postsynaptic neuron
  • Sertonin is sent through the synaptic gap
  • Message is sent and serotonin detaches for receptors
  • Take back up through process of reuptake
35
Q

Results of McGrath Study

A

Found that 75% of ppts with specific phobia showed improvement towards it through SD

36
Q

Outline Wolpe study

A
  • Removed a girl’s phobia of cars
  • Forced into a car and driven around for 4 Hours
  • Stop once her anxiety was removed
37
Q

Outline Becks Negative Triad

A
  • Self blame
  • Expectation of failure
  • Minimisation
  • Overgeneralisation
38
Q

Outline CBT

A
  • Identifying negative thinking
  • Challenging Irrational Thoughts
  • Skill Acquisition
  • Follow up
39
Q

Outline the worry circuit

A
  • Fauty caudate nucleus in the Orbital Frontal Cortex
  • Unable to suppress minor worries
  • Thalamus is alerted
  • Unable to move on resulting in repetitive behaviour

Psychology (10 decks)

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