Addiction Flashcards
What is meant by Physical Dependance
When someone needs to a drug in order to function properly or feel normal
What is meant by Psychological Dependance
The belief that someone needs to take a drug but can function perfectly without it
What is meant by Tolerance
Where someone no longer acts the same way to a drug so increases their usage
Define Withdrawal
Unpleasant physical or psychological effects due to the removal of a drug
What candidate gene can cause addiction
Faulty A1DRD2 Gene
How does a Faulty A1DRD2 Gene lead to addiction
- Insufficient Dopamine Receptors in the Brains Reward System
- People use smoking to raise Dopamine Levels Artificially
Explain how Addiction is gained through Social Learning Theory
- Behaviour is observed from role model and then we imitate it
- Vicarious Reinforcement
What is Cue Reactivity
- We make association of our addiction with cues in our environment (CC)
- This leads to Conditioned Responses of the Addiction
How is Smoking Addiction maintained through Negative Reinforcement
Smokers don’t like the negative symptoms such as Nausea so increase smoking to reduce it
Explain Personality as an explanation to addiction
Extarversim - Extraverts are under arousal and engage in addictive behaviour to gain stimulation
Neuroticism - People high on this experience negative affect
A03 Personality
- Cause and effect
- Wan Sen Yen
Explain the stress explanation of addiction
Everyday Stress - Stress that is gained due to demands that someone faces day to day
Traumatic Stress - Stress gained from a life threating experience
AO3 Stress
- Cause and Effect
- Tavolacci (High Stressed Students)
Peer Pressure Explanation
- SLT
- Social Identification Theory
AO3 Peer Pressure
- Cause and Affect
- Prac App
Explain Genetics Explanation of Addiction
- Faulty A1DRD2 Gene
- Reduces the number of dopamine receptors in the pleasure center
- This causes people to be less sensitive to rewards
- They seek extra stimulation
AO3 Genetics
- Diathesis Model
- Deternismist
Explain Nicotine Process
- Nicotine stimulates Acetylcholine Receptors
- Dopamine rises in activity in Ventral Tegmental
- VTA is projected towards the Nucleus Accumbens
- Increased activity leads to pleasure
A03 Nicotine
- Beta Bias
- Bio Reduc
- Prac App
Cognitive Explanation Addiction
Cognitive Myopia - Gamblers focus on the satisfaction rather than the long term Consequences
Illusion of Control - Belief that you can affect the chance of winning when its random
Flexible Attribution - Saying that winning is due to skill
AO3 Cognitive
- Prac App
- Alternative explanation
- Research to support (£3 Slot)
Outline Nicotine Replacement Therapy
- Releases controlled dose of nicotine into blood stream
- Binds to Acetylcholine Receptors which stimulates dopamine
- Using NRT it allows for dosage to be gradually reduced
Outline Bupropion
- This block the Nicotine Effectors so that there is no rise in dopamine when smoking
- Also acts as a weak inhibitor for Dopamine Reuptake
- Lasts 7-12 weeks
Outline CBT for Addiction
Cognitive Reframing - Changes the addicts thoughts by addressing the cognitive biases that feed the addiction
Functional Analysis - Asks ppt why they want to change their behaviour and then a plan is built
