Attachment Flashcards
What is an attachment
An emotional tie between two people by mutual affection and desire for proximity
What is Reciprocity
Where interactions between caregiver and infant
What is Interactional Synchrony
When interactions between caregiver and infants are synchronised
What are two results of the Schaffer and Emerson study
- 87% of infants showed multiple attachments at 9 months
- 31% of infants had 5 or more attachments at 18 months
- 39% of infants had formed a prime attachment to someone other than their main caregiver
What are the 4 stages of Schaffer’s Stages of attachment
- Pre-Attachment
- Indiscriminate Attachment stage
- Specific Attachment stage
- Multiple attachment
What did Schaffer and Emerson results say about attachments to fathers
75% of infants had gained an attachment to there father by 18 months
What did the result of the Grieger study suggest about the role of a father
It suggested that fathers had a more playful role whereas the mother had a more emotional role
What did the results of Frodi et al study suggest about the role of a father
So that there was no difference in responses to a distressed baby suggesting that a father can also be emotionally supportive
What is a critical period
A specific peiod time period within which an attachment must be formed
What is a critical period
A specific period time period within which an attachment must be formed
What is a sensitive period
A set time period when an attachment must be formed, if not done an attachment may never be formed
What was the procedure in the Lorenz study (Geese study)
-12 eggs used in the study
-Lorenz split them into two groups of 6
-Placed in incubator with one seeing biological mother first and the other seeing Lorenz first
-Once imprinted marked them all and placed in a box to see whether they would follow him or their biological mother
What were the results of the Lorenz study
The 6 goslings that imprinted on him refused to follow their biological mother
What was the procedure in the Harlow study (Rhesus Monkey)
- 16 Rhesus monkeys were used
- A cage containing a wire mother producing milk and a toweling mother producing no milk
- They wanted to measure the amount of time the monkey spent with
each mother
What were the results of the Harlow Study
-Monkeys spent more time with the toweled mother to seek comfort rather than the wired mother
-Monkey with the wired mother showed more signs of distress
What is a problem with using animal studies to explain attachment in humans
-Can cause ethical issues
-Lacks ecological validity
What is Bowlys 5 monotopic theory
-Monotropic
-Innate and Adaptive
-Social Releasers
-Critical period
-Internal working model
What was the critical period in attachment according Bowlby
2.5 years
What is meant by Attachment is Monotropic
The preference for one person
What is meant by Attachment being Innate & Adaptive
We have a natural drive to form an attachment
What are example of Social Realisers
- Crying
- Smiling
- Cute Faces
What is meant by “Monotropic attachment forms our Internal Working Model“
Our first attachment is the template on how we make future attachments
What are the 5 attachment behaviours observed in ‘Strange Situation’
- Proximity Seeking
- Reunion Behaviour
- Exploration
- Separation Anxiety
- Stranger Anxiety
What are the 3 Types of Attachment
- Insecure Avoidant
- Securely Attached
- Insecure Resistant
