Memory

Question 1

What are the three stores in the Multi Store Model

Answer 1

-Sensory
-Short term memory
-Long term memory

Question 2

What is the duration of Short Term Memory

Answer 2

18-30 Second

Question 3

What is the duration of the sensory store

Answer 3

0.5 seconds

Question 4

What is the capacity of the Sensory Store

Answer 4

Unlimited

Question 5

How does the Sensory Store encode

Answer 5

-Touch
-Smell
-Taste

Question 6

What is the capacity of Short Term Memory

Answer 6

+/- 7

Question 7

How does Short Term Memory encode

Answer 7

Acoustically

Question 8

What is the duration of Long term memory

Answer 8

Unlimited

Question 9

How does Long Term Memory encode

Answer 9

Semantically

Question 10

What is the capacity of Long Term Memory

Answer 10

Unlimited

Question 11

What are the four stores in the Working Memory Model

Answer 11

• Central Executive
• Phonological Loop
• Episodic Buffer
• Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Question 12

What is the purpose of the Central Executive

Answer 12

Controls what the WWM should draw attention to

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Phonological Loop

Answer 13

Temporarily holds language based information

Question 14

What is the purpose of the Visuo Spatial

Answer 14

Holds visual and spatial information

Question 15

What case study can be used to explain the Working Memory Model

Answer 15

KF

Question 16

What are two similarities of the MSM and WWM

Answer 16

-Both suggest that short term memory has a limited capacity
-Both suggest that rehearsal is important to process information

Question 17

What is a difference between MSM and WWM

Answer 17

-MSM suggests that STM is more simple the WWM suggests that it is more complex

Question 18

What are the different types of Long Term Memory

Answer 18

-Procedural
-Semantic
-Episodic

Question 19

What is procedural memory

Answer 19

Memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things (Riding a bike)

Question 20

What is Semantic Memory

Answer 20

Memory that holds factual information (Capital of England)

Question 21

What is Episodic Memory

Answer 21

Memory that hold information about events (Wedding Day)

Question 22

What is Proactive interference

Answer 22

Old memories interfere with new ones

Question 23

What is Retroactive interference

Answer 23

New memories interfere with old ones

Question 24

What is meant by Absence of Context Cues

Answer 24

The environment of recall is different to the environment of coding

Question 25

What is Absence of State Cues

Answer 25

The internal environment is different at recall than it was encoded in

Question 26

What are the 3 Factors that can affect EWT

Answer 26

- Misleading Questions - Anxiety - Post Event Discussions

Question 27

What is a Leading Question

Answer 27

A question that tries to suggest a desired answer

Question 28

What was the procedure in the Loftus and Palmer EWT study

Answer 28

- 45 Participants - 5 conditions - Ppts watched a traffic accident, and then asked a leading question - “About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed/ collided/ bumped/ hit/ contracted) each other

Question 29

How fast were the cars going when they…

Answer 29

-Hit -Bumped -Collided -Smashed -Contacted

Question 30

How fast were the cars going when they contacted each other

Answer 30

31.8 mph

Question 31

How fast were the cars going when they smashed each other

Answer 31

40.8 Mph

Question 32

What were the results in the Cutshall study

Answer 32

Even though the robbery took place 4 months earlier ppts were not affected by leading questions

Question 33

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 33

That are anxiety levels affect our performance

Question 34

What was the Procedure of the Loftus and Burns study

Answer 34

- Two Conditions - One saw a crime with no violence - The other saw a crime with a boy being shot

Question 35

What were the results of the Loftus and Burns study

Answer 35

- Recall was greater in those who did see the violent incident compare those who did - This suggests Anxiety has affect on EWT

Question 36

What 4 techniques are used in Cognitive Interview

Answer 36

- Report very detail - Change Order - Change Perspective - Context Reinstallment

Question 37

What is the WMM an example of

Answer 37

STM

Question 38

What is the Inner Ear

Answer 38

Deals with the perception of sound and speech within the Phonological Loop

Question 39

Define Inner Mouth

Answer 39

Verbal rehearsal system which prevents decay of information

Question 40

Define the Visual Cache

Answer 40

It store visual data within the VSS

Question 41

Define Inner Scribe

Answer 41

Records arrangement of objects in the VSS

Question 42

What is the capacity of the Phonological Loop

Answer 42

2 seconds

Question 43

What is the capacity of the VSS

Answer 43

4 Objects

Question 44

Outline research into LTM

Answer 44

- Asked to recall names of school classmates - Ppts aged 17-74 - After 15 years recall was 90% - After 48 years recall was 80%

Question 45

Outline research into STM

Answer 45

- Baddley gave a word list - Acoustically Similar and Acoustically Dissimilar - Asked to recall immediately - Ppts struggled with acoustically similar

Question 46

Outline Research into SS

Answer 46

- Sterling flashed a grid of letters for 1/20 a second - Ppts were asked to recall back - Recall was over 75%

Question 47

Evaluation of MSM

Answer 47

- Research to support existence of separate memory stores (HM) - Alternative Theories

Question 48

Evaluation of the Absence of Cues

Answer 48

- Research to Support (Godden and Baddeley) - Can’t be used in all situations (Repression) - Everyday Experiences

Question 49

Leading Questions Evaluation

Answer 49

- Low Generalibilty (Conducted on only students) - Practical Application - Low Ecological Validity

Question 50

What did Kohnken do

Answer 50

Conducted a meta analysis of Standard Techniques and CL and found higher correct recall rates in CL compared to Standard Techniques