Memory Flashcards
What are the three stores in the Multi Store Model
-Sensory
-Short term memory
-Long term memory
What is the duration of Short Term Memory
18-30 Second
What is the duration of the sensory store
0.5 seconds
What is the capacity of the Sensory Store
Unlimited
How does the Sensory Store encode
-Touch
-Smell
-Taste
What is the capacity of Short Term Memory
+/- 7
How does Short Term Memory encode
Acoustically
What is the duration of Long term memory
Unlimited
How does Long Term Memory encode
Semantically
What is the capacity of Long Term Memory
Unlimited
What are the four stores in the Working Memory Model
- Central Executive
- Phonological Loop
- Episodic Buffer
- Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
What is the purpose of the Central Executive
Controls what the WWM should draw attention to
What is the purpose of the Phonological Loop
Temporarily holds language based information
What is the purpose of the Visuo Spatial
Holds visual and spatial information
What case study can be used to explain the Working Memory Model
KF
What are two similarities of the MSM and WWM
-Both suggest that short term memory has a limited capacity
-Both suggest that rehearsal is important to process information
What is a difference between MSM and WWM
-MSM suggests that STM is more simple the WWM suggests that it is more complex
What are the different types of Long Term Memory
-Procedural
-Semantic
-Episodic
What is procedural memory
Memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things (Riding a bike)
What is Semantic Memory
Memory that holds factual information (Capital of England)
What is Episodic Memory
Memory that hold information about events (Wedding Day)
What is Proactive interference
Old memories interfere with new ones
What is Retroactive interference
New memories interfere with old ones
What is meant by Absence of Context Cues
The environment of recall is different to the environment of coding
What is Absence of State Cues
The internal environment is different at recall than it was encoded in
What are the 3 Factors that can affect EWT
- Misleading Questions
- Anxiety
- Post Event Discussions
What is a Leading Question
A question that tries to suggest a desired answer
What was the procedure in the Loftus and Palmer EWT study
- 45 Participants
- 5 conditions
- Ppts watched a traffic accident, and then asked a leading question
- “About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed/ collided/ bumped/ hit/ contracted) each other
How fast were the cars going when they…
-Hit
-Bumped
-Collided
-Smashed
-Contacted
How fast were the cars going when they contacted each other
31.8 mph
How fast were the cars going when they smashed each other
40.8 Mph
What were the results in the Cutshall study
Even though the robbery took place 4 months earlier ppts were not affected by leading questions
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law
That are anxiety levels affect our performance
What was the Procedure of the Loftus and Burns study
- Two Conditions
- One saw a crime with no violence
- The other saw a crime with a boy being shot
What were the results of the Loftus and Burns study
- Recall was greater in those who did see the violent incident compare those who did
- This suggests Anxiety has affect on EWT
What 4 techniques are used in Cognitive Interview
- Report very detail
- Change Order
- Change Perspective
- Context Reinstallment
What is the WMM an example of
STM
What is the Inner Ear
Deals with the perception of sound and speech within the Phonological Loop
Define Inner Mouth
Verbal rehearsal system which prevents decay of information
Define the Visual Cache
It store visual data within the VSS
Define Inner Scribe
Records arrangement of objects in the VSS
What is the capacity of the Phonological Loop
2 seconds
What is the capacity of the VSS
4 Objects
Outline research into LTM
- Asked to recall names of school classmates
- Ppts aged 17-74
- After 15 years recall was 90%
- After 48 years recall was 80%
Outline research into STM
- Baddley gave a word list
- Acoustically Similar and Acoustically Dissimilar
- Asked to recall immediately
- Ppts struggled with acoustically similar
Outline Research into SS
- Sterling flashed a grid of letters for 1/20 a second
- Ppts were asked to recall back
- Recall was over 75%
Evaluation of MSM
- Research to support existence of separate memory stores (HM)
- Alternative Theories
Evaluation of the Absence of Cues
- Research to Support (Godden and Baddeley)
- Can’t be used in all situations (Repression)
- Everyday Experiences
Leading Questions Evaluation
- Low Generalibilty (Conducted on only students)
- Practical Application
- Low Ecological Validity
What did Kohnken do
Conducted a meta analysis of Standard Techniques and CL and found higher correct recall rates in CL compared to Standard Techniques
