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Psychology > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three structures of the mind

A
  • Preconscious
  • Conscious
  • Unconscious
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2
Q

What are the three structures of personality

A
  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
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3
Q

What is the Id personailty

A
  • It is contained in the unconscious part of the mind and searches for satisfaction
  • It develops from birth
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4
Q

What is the Ego personality

A
  • It’s the executive of the personalities and tries to balance the Id and Superego using the reality principle or defence mechanisms
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5
Q

What is the Superego personality

A
  • It is our conscious and helps us do the morally right thing using the moral principle
  • It also makes people feel guilt starts from the age of 6
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6
Q

What are the 4 different types of Defence Mechanisms

A
  • Regression
  • Repression
  • Denial
  • Displacement
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7
Q

What is Denial

A

Refusing to accept the reality of a situation

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8
Q

What is Repression

A

Preventing a thought from emerging and pushing it too our unconscious mind

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9
Q

What is Displacement

A

Moving a strong emotion on to another person or object

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10
Q

What is Regression

A

When someone goes back to an earlier time of their life before a traumatic event

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11
Q
A

When someone goes back to an earlier time of their life before a traumatic event

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12
Q

Define Introspection

A

Ppts are asked to reflect on their cognitive process and describe them

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13
Q

What are the 5 factors that allow Psychology to be a Science

A
  • Falsifiable
  • Replicable
  • Objective
  • General Laws
  • Systematic
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14
Q

Who is Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • Founder of Psychology
  • Opened the first Psychology Laboratory in Germany
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15
Q

What were two assumptions of Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • All behaviour is determined
  • This means that it should be predictable
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16
Q

Define Genotype

A

The make up of genetic material that someone has

17
Q

Define Phenotype

A

Genetic material mixing with the environment to establish behaviour

18
Q

What is meant by Neuroanatomy

A

The structure and design of your brain has an affect on someone’s behaviour

19
Q

Give an example of Neuroanatomy

A

Enlarged Ventricles causing Schizophrenia

20
Q

What is meant by Neurochemistry

A

The make up of neurotransmitters can have an effect on behaviour

21
Q

What is an example of Neurochemistry

A

Dopamine Hypothesis

22
Q

What are the 4 elements of the biological approach

A
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Neurochemistry
23
Q

What is the basic assumption of the Behaviourist approach

A

That everything that we become is shaped by the process of learning from the environment

24
Q

What is meant by Schedules of Reinforcement

A

Have often a behaviour is reinforced can affect the rate of response

25
Q

What are the 2 Schedules of Reinforcement

A
  • Continuous Reinforcement
  • Partial Reinforcement
26
Q

What is meant by Vicarious Reinforcement

A

When you observe the consequences of a behaviour on someone else. If they are rewarded you are more likely to carry out the behaviour

27
Q

What is the Mediational Process

A
  • Attention
  • Retention
  • Reproduction
  • Motivation
28
Q

What is the assumption of the Cognitive Approach

A

The mind works as a computer, it takes in info from senses, processes it and then outputs a behaviour

29
Q

Define a Schema

A

It is a packet of information that helps organise ad interpret information. This is based on pasted experiences

30
Q

What is the Psychosexual stages of Development

A
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latent
  • Genital
31
Q

What happens in the Anal Stage (1yr - 3yr)

A

Potty Training

32
Q

What happens in the Phallic Stage (3yrs - 6yrs)

A

Fixation and satisfaction for Genitals

33
Q

What happens in the Latent Stage (6yrs - 11yrs)

A

Sexual urges are repressed

34
Q

What happens in the Genital Stage

A

Sexual urges are awakened

35
Q

What are the 2 Assumptions of the Humanistic Approach

A
  • People are born with Free Will and wish to grow to fulfil potential
  • The way we feel about ourselves can influenced by others
36
Q

What are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

A

Self Actualisation
Esteem
Love and Belonging
Safety
Physiological Needs

37
Q

What are the 3 Types of Self

A
  • Perceived Self
  • Ideal Self
  • Actual Self
38
Q

Define Congruence

A

When someone’s ideal self and actual self are consistent or similar

Psychology (10 decks)

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