Approaches Flashcards
What are the three structures of the mind
- Preconscious
- Conscious
- Unconscious
What are the three structures of personality
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
What is the Id personailty
- It is contained in the unconscious part of the mind and searches for satisfaction
- It develops from birth
What is the Ego personality
- It’s the executive of the personalities and tries to balance the Id and Superego using the reality principle or defence mechanisms
What is the Superego personality
- It is our conscious and helps us do the morally right thing using the moral principle
- It also makes people feel guilt starts from the age of 6
What are the 4 different types of Defence Mechanisms
- Regression
- Repression
- Denial
- Displacement
What is Denial
Refusing to accept the reality of a situation
What is Repression
Preventing a thought from emerging and pushing it too our unconscious mind
What is Displacement
Moving a strong emotion on to another person or object
What is Regression
When someone goes back to an earlier time of their life before a traumatic event
When someone goes back to an earlier time of their life before a traumatic event
Define Introspection
Ppts are asked to reflect on their cognitive process and describe them
What are the 5 factors that allow Psychology to be a Science
- Falsifiable
- Replicable
- Objective
- General Laws
- Systematic
Who is Wilhelm Wundt
- Founder of Psychology
- Opened the first Psychology Laboratory in Germany
What were two assumptions of Wilhelm Wundt
- All behaviour is determined
- This means that it should be predictable
Define Genotype
The make up of genetic material that someone has
Define Phenotype
Genetic material mixing with the environment to establish behaviour
What is meant by Neuroanatomy
The structure and design of your brain has an affect on someone’s behaviour
Give an example of Neuroanatomy
Enlarged Ventricles causing Schizophrenia
What is meant by Neurochemistry
The make up of neurotransmitters can have an effect on behaviour
What is an example of Neurochemistry
Dopamine Hypothesis
What are the 4 elements of the biological approach
- Evolution
- Genetics
- Neuroanatomy
- Neurochemistry
What is the basic assumption of the Behaviourist approach
That everything that we become is shaped by the process of learning from the environment
What is meant by Schedules of Reinforcement
Have often a behaviour is reinforced can affect the rate of response
What are the 2 Schedules of Reinforcement
- Continuous Reinforcement
- Partial Reinforcement
What is meant by Vicarious Reinforcement
When you observe the consequences of a behaviour on someone else. If they are rewarded you are more likely to carry out the behaviour
What is the Mediational Process
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation
What is the assumption of the Cognitive Approach
The mind works as a computer, it takes in info from senses, processes it and then outputs a behaviour
Define a Schema
It is a packet of information that helps organise ad interpret information. This is based on pasted experiences
What is the Psychosexual stages of Development
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latent
- Genital
What happens in the Anal Stage (1yr - 3yr)
Potty Training
What happens in the Phallic Stage (3yrs - 6yrs)
Fixation and satisfaction for Genitals
What happens in the Latent Stage (6yrs - 11yrs)
Sexual urges are repressed
What happens in the Genital Stage
Sexual urges are awakened
What are the 2 Assumptions of the Humanistic Approach
- People are born with Free Will and wish to grow to fulfil potential
- The way we feel about ourselves can influenced by others
What are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Self Actualisation
Esteem
Love and Belonging
Safety
Physiological Needs
What are the 3 Types of Self
- Perceived Self
- Ideal Self
- Actual Self
Define Congruence
When someone’s ideal self and actual self are consistent or similar
