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Chemistry Notes > SC8c Bases and Salts > Flashcards

SC8c Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

base?

A

a substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only

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2
Q

base + acid →

A

salt + water

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3
Q

neutralisation reaction?

A

a chemical reaction between a base and acid to form salt and water

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4
Q

example of bases?

A

metal oxides

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5
Q

salt?

A

a compound of a metal and a non metal

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6
Q

nickel oxide + hydrochloric acid →

A

nickel chloride + water

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7
Q

what do the following acids for as salts?
a. hydrochloric acid
b. nitric acid
c. sulfuric acid
d. ethanoic acid

A

a. chlorides
b. nitrates
c. sulfates
d. ethanoates

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8
Q

what ions are are present in hydrochloric acid?

A

H+ and Cl-

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9
Q

what ions are present in nitric acid?

A

H+ and NO₃⁻

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10
Q

what ions are present in sulfuric acid?

A

H+ and SO₄⁻²

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11
Q

what ions are present in ethanoic acid?

A

H+ and CH₃COO-

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12
Q

what do all aqueous solutions contain and what happens to them?

A

contain H+ ions and only these change in chemical reactions whilst the negative ions do not

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13
Q

what do metal oxide bases contain?

A

positive metal ions or ammonium ions and oxide ions

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14
Q

what happens to the hydrogen ions when a salt is formed? neutralisation reaction

A

they are replaced by metal or ammonium ions

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15
Q

when hydrogen ions and oxide ions react what is formed? and why? neutralisation reaction

A

water molecules which removes the hydrogen ions from the solution so the pH increases

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16
Q

iron oxide + nitric acid →

A

iron nitrate + water

17
Q

what happens in this reaction:
copper oxide + sulfuric acid → copper sulfate + water

A

~copper ions have taken the place of the hydrogen ions in sulfuric acid

18
Q

why is an excess base always added?

A

to make sure all the acid is used up

19
Q

why is the excess reactant removed?

A

to make sure the salt made is pure so it is filtered which leave only the salt and water

20
Q

why do we only want salt and water to remain?

A

so the solution can then be heated to remove the water so that crystallisation of the salt occurs

21
Q

ESQ - explain how the pH of the acidic chimney gases will change as they pass over calcium oxide? (3 marks)

A

~hydrogen ions in the acid combine with oxide ions from the calcium oxide
~to form water
~pH will get higher (become more neutral)
~as hydrogen ions are removed

Chemistry Notes (77 decks)

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