SBSI drills W5 (F) Flashcards
Deck is full
what are the uses of allopurinol?
- gout
- tumor lysis synd
- leukemia
- lymphoma
other than CHF, edema and wt gain, what are the other s/e of glitazones?
- bone fractures
- bladder ca
what are the s/e of opioids?
- resp depression
- addiction
- constipation
- myosis
which s/e of opioids do not go away as you gain tolerance?
constipation and myosis
what is succinyl choline used for?
pre-op to induce paralysis
what is the reversal agent for succinyl choline OD/adverse event?
- neostigmine
- edrophonium
what pts should not be given succinyl choline?
- pts w/ h/o rhabdo
- pts w/ h/o muscle disorders
- pts w/ famHx of malig hyperthermia
what drugs can be used to tx parkinsons dz?
- capones
- amantadine
- levodopa
- carbidopa
- MAOi (silegiline)
- anticholinergics
- benztropine
- trihexophenadol
- pramipexol
- ropinerol
which parkinson’s drugs are used to tx restless leg synd?
- pramipexol
- ropinerol
what are the s/e of amantadine?
- ataxia
- livedo reticularis
what are the uses of triptans?
- migraines
- cluster HA
what comorbid conditions are C/I for triptan use?
- CAD
- prinzmetal angina
what are the tx for absence seizures?
- ethosuximide
- valproate
- lamotrigine
how do you tx generalized tonic clonic seizures?
- valproic acid
2. phenytoin or cabamazepine
what are the s/e of phenytoin?
- drug induced lupus
- gingeval hyperplasia
- teratogen
- increase cyp450 activity
- agranulocytosis
- low BP
- nystagmus
- ataxia
- peripheral neuropathies
what is the tx for trigeminal neuralgia?
carbamazepine
what is the s/e of lamotrigine?
skin rashes/lesions including stephen johnson syndrome
what are the atypical antipychotics?
- risperidone
- quetiapine
- clozapine
- olanzapine
what are the s/e of lithium
LMNOP
Li
Movement (tremor)
Nephrogenic DI
hypOthyroid
Pregnancy (ebstein's anomaly)what are the SSRIs?
- sertraline
- fluoxetine
- paroxetine
- citalopram / escitalopram
what are the s/e of the SSRIs?
- serotonin synd
- SIADH
- sexual dysf(x)
how to tx serotonin syndrome?
- cyproheptadine
- dantrolene
what are the SNRIs?
venlafaxine
duloxetine
desvenlafaxine
what are the uses of bupropion?
- depression
- anxiety
- smoking cessation
what are the s/e of bupropion?
- decr seizure threshold
* *no affects on sex drive or weight
mirtazepine uses = ?
depression
mirtazepine s/e = ?
- weight gain
- sedation
- incr appetite
what are the uses of trazodone?
- insomnia
- depression
what are the s/e of trazodone?
- priapism
- low BP
- sedation
what are the uses of duloxetine?
- depression
- diabetic neuropathy
what are the uses of venlafaxine?
- depression
- GAD
- panic disorder
what is chantix used for?
smoking cessation
what is another name for chantix?
varenicline
what meds are used to abort panic attacks?
benzos
what are the s/e of benzos?
- decr resp drive
- sedation
- muscle relaxation
- addiction/tolerance/withdrawal
- agitation (elderly)
what drugs are used to tx bipolar disorder?
mania = 1. lithium 2. valproate 3. lamotrigine depression = 1. quetiapine 2. larasidone
what are the 1st line tx for OCD?
- CBT
- SSRI
- clomipramine (=TCA)
what is the s/e of bosentan?
hepatotoxicity
what is the use of methacholine?
methacholine challenge (asthma dx)
what are the s/e of rifampin?
- orange/red secretions
- hepatotoxic
- incr cyp450 activity
what are the s/e of ethambutol?
red/green color blindness
what are the s/e of pyrazinamide?
- drug induced lupus
- drug induced hepatitis
- gout
what is methylene blue used to treat?
methemoglobinemia
what are the clinical uses of procainamide?
- atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
- WPW synd
what are the tx for prinzmetal angina?
- nitrates
- __dipines (CCB)
what meds cause HYPERkalemia?
- ACEi
- ARBs
- K+ sparing diuretics (eplerenone, spironolactone, amiloride, triamterine)
- digoxin
- succinyl choline
- NSAIDS
- nonselective BB
how do NSAIDS cause hyperkalemia?
decr prostaglandin –> decr RAAS –> decr K secretion
how do nonselective BB cause hyperkalemia?
decr B2 activity –> incr K uptake
what are the uses of azothioprine?
- prevent organ rejection
- RA
- SLE
what are the s/e of azothioprine?
- myelosuppression
- hepatotoxicity
- GI upset
- leukopenia
15yo pregnant girl presents w/ preeclampsia. do you need parental consent to tx?
no
pt is referred by his/her physician to get an MRI done at that physician’s privately owned imaging center. what is this?
conflict of interest
when do you override confidentiality?
- contagious dz (esp STD)
- threat to self/others
- abuse
what are some of the reportable illnesses?
HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, measles
what is the MC inherited bleeding disorder?
von Willebrand dz
what are the diagnostic tests for hereditary spherocytosis?
- flow cytometry (eosin-5-maleimide)
- osmotic fragility test (acidified glycerol lysis test)
pt presents w/ low plt + decr kidney f(x) + F + neuro s/s. dx = ?
TTP
pt presents w/ low plt + decr kidney f(x) but NO fever or neuro s/s. dx = ?
HUS
what 2 drugs are often used to treat HIT?
- lepirudine
- argatroban
* *also need to stop unfractionated heparin
in addition to lepirudine and argatroban, what other drugs can be used to tx HIT?
- rivaroxaban
- apixaban
- fondiparineux
bias introduced when screening detects a dz earlier and thus lengthens the time from dx to death but does not improve survival?
lead-time bias
if you want to know if geographic location affects infant mortality rates but most locations in infant mortality is predicted by socioeconomic status, then the socioeconomic status is what?
confounding factor
proportion of ppl who have the dz and test positive = what?
sensitivity
sensitivity tests have few false neg and are used to ___
r/o a dz
does a chronic dz like lupus have higher prevalence or incidence?
high prevalence
do epidemics like influenza have higher incidence or prevalence?
high incidence
do cross-sectional studies look at incidence or prevalence?
prevalence
do cohort studies look at incidence or prevalence?
both
describe a test that consistently gives identical results that are wrong?
precise
what is the difference btwn a cohort and a case-control study?
cohort = looks at exposure (i.e. RF) and determines outcomes (dz incidence) case-control = looks at outcomes (dz incidence) then goes back to find RF
what is the diff between risk in exposed vs risk in unexposed groups?
attributed risk
what is observer bias?
- observer misclassifies data due to individual differences in interpretation or preconceived expectations
- investigator’s decision is affected by knowing the exposure/disease status of a subject
what is observational bias?
= inaccurate measurement or classification of dz, exposure or other variable
what are some types of observational bias?
- recall bias
- observer bias
- reporting bias
- surveillance/detection bias
what is recall bias?
- a type of observational bias
- subjects w/ neg outcomes = more likely to report some exposures than control subj
what is reporting bias?
- a type of observational bias
- subjects over/under report exposure due to perceived social stigma
what is surveillance/detection bias?
- a type of observational bias
- RF itself requires incr monitoring in exposed group compared to control, automatically incr chance of finding dz
