SBSI drills W3 (F) Flashcards
Cardio, renal, & heme-onc Deck is full
What are the uses of nimodipine?
- HTN?
- prinzmetal angina?
- reynaud’s phenom?
- SAH (ppx vasospasm)
what are the uses of verapamil and diltiazem (i.e. non-d-hydropyridines)?
- HTN
- afib/aflutter
- angina
what are the s/e of CCB? (hint: think vasodilation)
- flushing
- edema
- constipation
- AV node block
hypoprolactinemia is a potential s/e of which CCB?
verapamil
gingival hyperplasia is a potential s/e of which CCB?
verapamil
what are the uses of hydralazine?
- severe hypertension
- HTN in pregnancy
- HTN in HF
nicardipine use?
HTN urgency/emergency
what are the uses of the dihydripyridines (except nimodipine)?
- HTN
- angina (including prinzmetal)
- reynaud’s phenom
what HTN meds are safe in pregnancy?
Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine Hydralazine Methyldopa Labetolol Nifedipine
hydralazine s/e = ?
- reflex tachy
- SLE-like synd
- fluid retention
- HA
- angina
how do you prevent the reflex tachy caused by hydralazine?
coadminister w/ BB
when do you use nitroprusside and fenoldepam?
HTN emergency
what is the s/e of nitroprusside?
CN poisoning
how do you tx CN poisoning?
- Na thiosulfate
- Na nitrate (–>oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin)
- mech ventilation w/ 100% O2
what meds can you use to tx HTN emergency?
- CCB = clevidipine, nicardipine
- BB = labetolol
- nitroprusside
- fenoldopam
what are the s/e of statins?
incr LFTs
-myalgias –>rhabdo (esp if coadmin w/ fibrates and/or niacin)
co-administration of statins w/ what two other classes of cholesterol meds increases risk for rhabdo?
- fibrates
- niacin
what are the s/e of niacin?
- flushing
- hyperuricemia
- hyperglycemia
- itching
how do you tx the flushing caused by niacin use?
ASA
fibrates decr ___ more than any other type of cholesterol med?
TG
what are the s/e of fibrates?
- cholesterol gallstones
- incr LFTs
- rhabdomyolysis (when used w/ statins)
what is the clinical use of digoxin?
- HF
- afib
what are the s/e of digoxin?
- blurry yellow vision
- incr K
- arrhythmias
how do you tx digoxin OD?
- digibind
- Mg
- slowly normalize K
- cardiac pacer
what are the clinical uses for adenosine?
- NARROW complex arrythmias (afib, aflutter, SVT)
- pharm stess test
what drugs can be used to conduct chemical stress tests?
- dobutamine
- dipyridamol
- adenosine
- rigadenasone
what are the s/e of dipyridamol?
cardiac steal
adenosine s/e = ?
- flushing
- low BP
- chest pain
- impending doom
- bronchospasm
what are the uses of Mg?
- torsades de point
- digoxin toxicity
- eclampsia (seizures)
- hypocalcemia 2/2 low Mg
what are the s/e of BB?
- cardiovasc = decr HR, decr BP, AV block, HF
- CNS = sedation, sleep alterations
- masked hypoglycemia
- impotence
what are some C/I to BB use?
- asthma
- COPD
- cocaine users
how do you tx BB toxicity?
- glucagon
- saline
- atropine (for bradycardia)
what are the clinical uses of amiodarone?
WIDE complex tachycardias = vfib, vtach
what are the s/e of amiodarone?
- hypo/hyperthyroidism
- hepatotoxic
- pulm fibrosis
- blue/grey skin
- corneal deposits
- constipation
- cardiac = brady, heart block, HF
sotalol and ibutilide s/e = ?
torsades de pointes
quinidine s/e = ?
cinchonism (HA + tinnitis)
procainamide s/e = ?
-drug induced SLE
what meds decr mortality in systolic HF?
- ACEi
- ARB
- hydralazine
- nitrates
- BB = only metoprolol, bisprolol, and carvedilol
- K sparing diuretics
what meds decr mortality in MI?
- ASA
- BB
- ACEi
- ARB
which 2 statins are high intensity?
- risuvistatin
- atorvistatin
which statin is mod intensity?
simvistatin
which cholesterol med will incr HDL the most?
niacin
BB are which class of antiarrhythmics?
class 2
what additional s/e can metoprolol cause?
dyslipidemia
why don’t you give propranolol to pts w/ prinzmetal angina?
can make worse
which 2 BB will not cause unopposed a1-agonism if given alone for pheochromocytoma or cocaine toxicity?
nonselective BB = carvedilol and labetolol
what are the class 3 antiarrhythmics?
K channel blockers = AIDS Amiodarone Ibutilide Dofetilide Sotalol
what derm condition is described as a stuck on waxy appearance?
seborrheic keratosis
what derm condition is described as having red plaques with silver scales?
psoriasis
what derm condition presents w/ pearly papules with telangectasias?
BCC
what derm condition presents w/ honey crusted lesions?
impetigo
what derm condition presents w/ flaccid bullae and (+) nikolski sign?
pemphigus vulgaris
55 yo obese pt presents with velvety patches on back of neck and bilat axilla. what are these patches called?
acanthosis nigricans
what is acanthosis nigricans assoc w/ and what should you check when you see it?
insulin resistance. check BG
what derm condition presents w/ purple, plateaud (flat topped), pruritic papules?
lichen planus
what derm condition presents w/ epithelial inflammation in the anogenital region in post-menopausal pts especially?
lichen sclerosis
what derm condition presents w/ red, pruritic lesions in a geometric pattern after contact with an irritant?
contact dermatitis
what derm condition presents initially w/ a large lesion on the chest or back followed by development of smaller lesions in a christmas tree pattern (along skin folds)?
pitoryasis rosea
what derm condition presents w/ hypopigmented, flat (macular) lesions on the chest and back?
tinea versicolor
what premalignant derm condition can progress to SCC?
actinic keratosis
what is another name for cradle cap?
seborrheic dermatitis?
what derm condition presents as exophitic nodules on the skin that scale and ulcerate?
SCC
what is the most common skin cancer?
BCC
what is the 2nd most common skin cancer?
SCC
pt presents w/ tachycardia, severely high BP that is refractory to tx and diaphoresis. what do you suspect?
pheochromocytoma
what do you give prior to sx resection of pheochromocytoma?
- alpha blocker
2. beta blocker
pt presents w/ h/o lithium use, large vol dilute urine. what is the dx?
nephrogenic DI 2/2 lithium toxicity
what is the tx for central diabetes insipidus?
desmopressin
pt presents w/ lactic acidosis and h/o DM2. what is the likely cause of the lactic acidosis?
metformin (renal insufficiency)
pt presents w/ bone pain, hearing loss, incr alk phos. dx= ?
paget’s dz
pt presents w/ weakness, n/v, wt loss, skin pigmentation, incr K and decr Na. what is the likely dx?
addison’s dz
what is addison’s dz?
1* adrenal insufficiency. i.e. adrenal glands don’t respond to ACTH. labs: incr ACTH/decr cortisol/decr aldosterone
why is skin pigmentation seen in addison’s dz?
incr ACTH –> incr melanin
what does incr s 17-hydroxyprogesterone indicate?
CAH - 21 hydroxylase deficiency
clozapine s/e
- agranulocytosis
- weight gain
what antipsychotic other than clozapine causes weight gain?
Olanzapine (O=fat belly)
what are the side effects of ziprasidone?
QT prolongation
what are the uses of lithium?
- bipolar
- SIADH
acute dystonia tx=?
- benztropine
- diphenhydramine
akesthesia tx = ?
- benztropine
- propranolol
- lorazepam
bradykinesia tx = ?
- benztropine
- amantadine
Chlorpromazine s/e = ?
Corneal deposits
thioRidezine s/e = ?
Retinal deposits (brown vision)
what are the s/e lithium?
LMNOP Li Movement (tremor) Nephrogenic DI HypOthyriod Pregnancy (teratogenic, ebstein anomaly)
TCA s/e
anticholinergic s/e
arrythmia (QT prolongation –> torsades)
hallucinations (elderly)
convulsions, siezures, coma
what are anticholinergic s/e
hot as a hare (dry skin) dry as a bone (dry mucous membranes) blind as a bat (mydriasis) red as a beat (flushed skin) mad as a hatter (AMS)
how do you tx TCA OD?
NaHCO3-
MAOi s/e = ?
HTN crisis
how to tx MAOi OD?
phentolamine
what drugs are used for bipolar?
-Li > valproate > carbemazepine = lamotragine
which bipolar drug is safe in pregnancy?
lamotragine
what drugs are used for pulm HTN?
- boSENTAN
- sildenafil
- ilOPROST
- ambriSENTAN
- epOPROSTenol
what are the uses of n-acetylcysteine?
- tylenol OD
- CF (mucolytic)
risperidone s/e?
- lactation
- amenorrhea
- gynecomastia
- impotence
what are the uses of furosemide?
- HTN
- Edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephropathy, pulm edema)
- HyperCa
furosemide s/e = ?
- hypoK
- dehydration
- orthostatic HTN
- gout
- ototoxicity
- sulfa-allergy
what loop diuretic can you give instead if the pt has a sulfa-allergy?
ethacrynic acid
what are the s/e of ethacryic acid?
hyperuricemia
what are the uses of acetazolamide?
-glaucoma
-HTN
-ppx/tx altitude sickness
-met alkalosis
psuedotumor cerebri
what is the side affect of acetazolamide?
- met acidodsis
- incr Cl
what is the clinical use of mannitol?
incr ICP
what is the s/e of mannitol?
- flash pulm edema
- dehydration
- low BP
what are the uses of ACEi?
- HTN
- nephrotic synd
- CHF
- MI
- protect kidneys in DM
what are the s/e of ACEi?
- incr K
- cough
- teratogenic (renal agenesis)
- angioedema
- decr Cr
- decr GFR
what conditions are C/I to ACEi use?
- severe asthma
- C1 esterase def (angioedema)
what are the uses of hydrochlorithiazides?
- HTN
- Edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephropathy, pulm edema)
- HyperCalciuria (high urinary Ca)
what are the s/e of hydrochlorothiazides?
-hypoK metabolic alkalosis
-HYPER GLUC
incr blood Glucose
incr lipids
incr uricemia
incr Ca
what are the K+ sparing diuretics?
- spironolactone
- eplerenone
- amiloride
- triamterine
what are the s/e of K+ sparing diuretics?
- incr K
- arrhythmias
- gynecomastia
- amenorrhea
- decr libido
what is the tx for hyperkalemia?
- Cagluconate (stabalize myocytes)
- insulin + glucose (shift into cells)
- kayexolate (poop it out)
- HCO3-
- Albuterol
what happens if you correct hypoNa too quickly?
-cause osmotic demyelination synd (ODS)
what are the MCCs of incr Ca?
- hyperparathyroidism
- Ca
* *honorable mention = constipation, milk-alkali synd
ASA OD leads to what metabolic derangement?
(early) resp alkalosis –> met acidosis (late)
what acid base disturbance is seen in preg women?
resp alkalosis (as baby grows –>shallow, fast breathing b/c can’t expand lungs all the way)
what has muddy brown casts?
ATN
pt presents w/ drowsiness, asterixis, n, friction rub and h/o CKD. dx = ?
uremic pericarditis
Which RTA has abn HCO3 absorption + rickets?
type 2
which nephropathy presents w/ deafness?
Alport synd
which nephropathies present w/ hemoptysis?
- goodpasture’s synd
- wegners
pt presents w/ palpable purpura + GI complaints. which nephropathy?
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
fatty casts = ?
nephrotic synd
what is the MCC nephrotic synd?
Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis (FSGS)
waxy casts = ?
chronic renal failure
what brain abn is assoc w/ PCKD?
berry aneurysms
smoker presents w/ painless hematuria. dx until proven otherwise?
bladder ca
what cell type do you expect to be dysplastic in bladder ca?
transitional epithelium
what are the s/e of methotrexate?
hint: think chemo man
- myelosuppression
- hepatotoxic (–> fatty changes)
- miscarriage
- pulm fibrosis
- folate def
- aplastic anemia
- oral ulcers
- hair loss
what is the tx for myelosuppression caused by MTX?
leucovorin
what are the s/e of 5-FU?
hint: think chemo man
myelosuppression
what is the tx for myelosuppression caused by 5-FU?
uridine / thymidine
what are the s/e of 6-mercaptopurine?
hint: think chemo man
- myelosuppression
- abd pain
- jaundice
what is the use of cladribine?
hairy cell leukemia
what is the clinical use of dactomycin (actinomycin-d)? (hint: think kids tumors)
- Wilms tumor
- ewing sarcoma
what are the s/e of doxyrubicin?
hint: think chemo man
dilated cardiomyopathy
what do you need to do in pts on doxyrubicin to monitor for toxicity?
ECHO
how do you tx the s/e of Doxyrubicin?
dexrazoxane (Fe chelator)
what is the s/e of Bleomycin?
hint: think chemo man
pulm fibrosis
what are the s/e of Busulfan?
hint: think chemo man
- pulm fibrosis
- myelosuppression
- hyperpigmentation
what is the s/e of cyclophosphamide?
hint: think chemo man
hemorrhagic cystitis
how do you tx the hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide?
- MESNA
- stop drug
what is the s/e of VinBlastin?
hint: think chemo man
myelosuppression (blasts the BM)
what is the s/e of Vincristine?
hint: think chemo man
- peripheral neuropathy
- paralytic ileus
what are the clinical uses of hydroxyurea?
- sickle cell dz
- CML
- melanoma
what are the clinical uses of the ca drugs ending in -taxol?
- ovarian ca
- breast ca
what is the clinical use of tamoxifen?
breast ca
what is the s/e of tamoxifen?
- endometrial hyperplasia
- incr risk endometrial ca
what other SERM is used to tx breast ca but is not associated w/ incr risk endometrial ca?
raloxifen
what is the clinical use of traztuzimab?
Her2+ breast ca
what is the s/e of traztuzimab?
cardiotoxicity
what 2 drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
- cyclophosphamide
2. iphosphamide
what are the s/e of cisplatin?
hint: think chemo man
- ototoxicity
- nephrotoxicity
how can you prevent the renal toxicity associated w/ cisplatin?
coadminister w/ amifostine
antidote to heparin toxicity?
protamine sulfate
how do you tx warfarin OD?
- emergent: Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)»_space; FFP
- replace vit k
which can you give to pregnant women heparin or warfarin?
heparin
keeps baby heppy
what are the s/e of cyclosporine?
reminder: not on chemo man
- neurotoxic
- nephrotoxic
- gingeval hyperplasia
what drugs cause gingeval hyperplasia?
- cyclosporine
- verapamil
- phenytoin
(t 9:22) is associated w/ what condition?
CML (t 9:22) = BRC-ABL fusion protein
(t 8:14) is associated w/ what condition?
Burkitt lymphoma
the 8 looks like a B. all NH-lymphomas have a 14
(t 11:14) is associated w/ what condition?
Mantle cell lymphoma
overlay the numbers 11 and 14 and you can make an M. all NH-lymphomas have a 14
(t 14:18) is associated w/ what condition?
Follicular
(all NH-lymphomas have a 14. Follicular = Flower.
18 has an 8 which rhymes w/ Mate. Give flowers to your mate to prevent Brc2 up.)
(t 15:17) is associated w/ what condition?
AML type M3 (which has the Auer rods)
ecluzimab is used to tx what two conditions? (hint: think hemolytic anemia)
- PNH
2. atypical HUS