SBSI drills W3 (F) Flashcards
Cardio, renal, & heme-onc Deck is full
1
Q
What are the uses of nimodipine?
A
- HTN?
- prinzmetal angina?
- reynaud’s phenom?
- SAH (ppx vasospasm)
2
Q
what are the uses of verapamil and diltiazem (i.e. non-d-hydropyridines)?
A
- HTN
- afib/aflutter
- angina
3
Q
what are the s/e of CCB? (hint: think vasodilation)
A
- flushing
- edema
- constipation
- AV node block
4
Q
hypoprolactinemia is a potential s/e of which CCB?
A
verapamil
5
Q
gingival hyperplasia is a potential s/e of which CCB?
A
verapamil
6
Q
what are the uses of hydralazine?
A
- severe hypertension
- HTN in pregnancy
- HTN in HF
7
Q
nicardipine use?
A
HTN urgency/emergency
8
Q
what are the uses of the dihydripyridines (except nimodipine)?
A
- HTN
- angina (including prinzmetal)
- reynaud’s phenom
9
Q
what HTN meds are safe in pregnancy?
A
Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine Hydralazine Methyldopa Labetolol Nifedipine
10
Q
hydralazine s/e = ?
A
- reflex tachy
- SLE-like synd
- fluid retention
- HA
- angina
11
Q
how do you prevent the reflex tachy caused by hydralazine?
A
coadminister w/ BB
12
Q
when do you use nitroprusside and fenoldepam?
A
HTN emergency
13
Q
what is the s/e of nitroprusside?
A
CN poisoning
14
Q
how do you tx CN poisoning?
A
- Na thiosulfate
- Na nitrate (–>oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin)
- mech ventilation w/ 100% O2
15
Q
what meds can you use to tx HTN emergency?
A
- CCB = clevidipine, nicardipine
- BB = labetolol
- nitroprusside
- fenoldopam
16
Q
what are the s/e of statins?
A
incr LFTs
-myalgias –>rhabdo (esp if coadmin w/ fibrates and/or niacin)
17
Q
co-administration of statins w/ what two other classes of cholesterol meds increases risk for rhabdo?
A
- fibrates
- niacin
18
Q
what are the s/e of niacin?
A
- flushing
- hyperuricemia
- hyperglycemia
- itching
19
Q
how do you tx the flushing caused by niacin use?
A
ASA
20
Q
fibrates decr ___ more than any other type of cholesterol med?
A
TG
21
Q
what are the s/e of fibrates?
A
- cholesterol gallstones
- incr LFTs
- rhabdomyolysis (when used w/ statins)
22
Q
what is the clinical use of digoxin?
A
- HF
- afib
23
Q
what are the s/e of digoxin?
A
- blurry yellow vision
- incr K
- arrhythmias
24
Q
how do you tx digoxin OD?
A
- digibind
- Mg
- slowly normalize K
- cardiac pacer
25
what are the clinical uses for adenosine?
- NARROW complex arrythmias (afib, aflutter, SVT)
| - pharm stess test
26
what drugs can be used to conduct chemical stress tests?
- dobutamine
- dipyridamol
- adenosine
- rigadenasone
27
what are the s/e of dipyridamol?
cardiac steal
28
adenosine s/e = ?
- flushing
- low BP
- chest pain
- impending doom
- bronchospasm
29
what are the uses of Mg?
- torsades de point
- digoxin toxicity
- eclampsia (seizures)
- hypocalcemia 2/2 low Mg
30
what are the s/e of BB?
- cardiovasc = decr HR, decr BP, AV block, HF
- CNS = sedation, sleep alterations
- masked hypoglycemia
- impotence
31
what are some C/I to BB use?
- asthma
- COPD
- cocaine users
32
how do you tx BB toxicity?
- glucagon
- saline
- atropine (for bradycardia)
33
what are the clinical uses of amiodarone?
WIDE complex tachycardias = vfib, vtach
34
what are the s/e of amiodarone?
- hypo/hyperthyroidism
- hepatotoxic
- pulm fibrosis
- blue/grey skin
- corneal deposits
- constipation
- cardiac = brady, heart block, HF
35
sotalol and ibutilide s/e = ?
torsades de pointes
36
quinidine s/e = ?
cinchonism (HA + tinnitis)
37
procainamide s/e = ?
-drug induced SLE
38
what meds decr mortality in systolic HF?
- ACEi
- ARB
- hydralazine
- nitrates
- BB = only metoprolol, bisprolol, and carvedilol
- K sparing diuretics
39
what meds decr mortality in MI?
- ASA
- BB
- ACEi
- ARB
40
which 2 statins are high intensity?
- risuvistatin
| - atorvistatin
41
which statin is mod intensity?
simvistatin
42
which cholesterol med will incr HDL the most?
niacin
43
BB are which class of antiarrhythmics?
class 2
44
what additional s/e can metoprolol cause?
dyslipidemia
45
why don't you give propranolol to pts w/ prinzmetal angina?
can make worse
46
which 2 BB will not cause unopposed a1-agonism if given alone for pheochromocytoma or cocaine toxicity?
nonselective BB = carvedilol and labetolol
47
what are the class 3 antiarrhythmics?
```
K channel blockers = AIDS
Amiodarone
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol
```
48
what derm condition is described as a stuck on waxy appearance?
seborrheic keratosis
49
what derm condition is described as having red plaques with silver scales?
psoriasis
50
what derm condition presents w/ pearly papules with telangectasias?
BCC
51
what derm condition presents w/ honey crusted lesions?
impetigo
52
what derm condition presents w/ flaccid bullae and (+) nikolski sign?
pemphigus vulgaris
53
55 yo obese pt presents with velvety patches on back of neck and bilat axilla. what are these patches called?
acanthosis nigricans
54
what is acanthosis nigricans assoc w/ and what should you check when you see it?
insulin resistance. check BG
55
what derm condition presents w/ purple, plateaud (flat topped), pruritic papules?
lichen planus
56
what derm condition presents w/ epithelial inflammation in the anogenital region in post-menopausal pts especially?
lichen sclerosis
57
what derm condition presents w/ red, pruritic lesions in a geometric pattern after contact with an irritant?
contact dermatitis
58
what derm condition presents initially w/ a large lesion on the chest or back followed by development of smaller lesions in a christmas tree pattern (along skin folds)?
pitoryasis rosea
59
what derm condition presents w/ hypopigmented, flat (macular) lesions on the chest and back?
tinea versicolor
60
what premalignant derm condition can progress to SCC?
actinic keratosis
61
what is another name for cradle cap?
seborrheic dermatitis?
62
what derm condition presents as exophitic nodules on the skin that scale and ulcerate?
SCC
63
what is the most common skin cancer?
BCC
64
what is the 2nd most common skin cancer?
SCC
65
pt presents w/ tachycardia, severely high BP that is refractory to tx and diaphoresis. what do you suspect?
pheochromocytoma
66
what do you give prior to sx resection of pheochromocytoma?
1. alpha blocker
| 2. beta blocker
67
pt presents w/ h/o lithium use, large vol dilute urine. what is the dx?
nephrogenic DI 2/2 lithium toxicity
68
what is the tx for central diabetes insipidus?
desmopressin
69
pt presents w/ lactic acidosis and h/o DM2. what is the likely cause of the lactic acidosis?
metformin (renal insufficiency)
70
pt presents w/ bone pain, hearing loss, incr alk phos. dx= ?
paget's dz
71
pt presents w/ weakness, n/v, wt loss, skin pigmentation, incr K and decr Na. what is the likely dx?
addison's dz
72
what is addison's dz?
1* adrenal insufficiency. i.e. adrenal glands don't respond to ACTH. labs: incr ACTH/decr cortisol/decr aldosterone
73
why is skin pigmentation seen in addison's dz?
incr ACTH --> incr melanin
74
what does incr s 17-hydroxyprogesterone indicate?
CAH - 21 hydroxylase deficiency
75
clozapine s/e
- agranulocytosis
| - weight gain
76
what antipsychotic other than clozapine causes weight gain?
Olanzapine (O=fat belly)
77
what are the side effects of ziprasidone?
QT prolongation
78
what are the uses of lithium?
- bipolar
| - SIADH
79
acute dystonia tx=?
- benztropine
| - diphenhydramine
80
akesthesia tx = ?
- benztropine
- propranolol
- lorazepam
81
bradykinesia tx = ?
- benztropine
| - amantadine
82
Chlorpromazine s/e = ?
Corneal deposits
83
thioRidezine s/e = ?
Retinal deposits (brown vision)
84
what are the s/e lithium?
```
LMNOP
Li
Movement (tremor)
Nephrogenic DI
HypOthyriod
Pregnancy (teratogenic, ebstein anomaly)
```
85
TCA s/e
anticholinergic s/e
arrythmia (QT prolongation --> torsades)
hallucinations (elderly)
convulsions, siezures, coma
86
what are anticholinergic s/e
```
hot as a hare (dry skin)
dry as a bone (dry mucous membranes)
blind as a bat (mydriasis)
red as a beat (flushed skin)
mad as a hatter (AMS)
```
87
how do you tx TCA OD?
NaHCO3-
88
MAOi s/e = ?
HTN crisis
89
how to tx MAOi OD?
phentolamine
90
what drugs are used for bipolar?
-Li > valproate > carbemazepine = lamotragine
91
which bipolar drug is safe in pregnancy?
lamotragine
92
what drugs are used for pulm HTN?
- boSENTAN
- sildenafil
- ilOPROST
- ambriSENTAN
- epOPROSTenol
93
what are the uses of n-acetylcysteine?
- tylenol OD
| - CF (mucolytic)
94
risperidone s/e?
- lactation
- amenorrhea
- gynecomastia
- impotence
95
what are the uses of furosemide?
- HTN
- Edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephropathy, pulm edema)
- HyperCa
96
furosemide s/e = ?
- hypoK
- dehydration
- orthostatic HTN
- gout
- ototoxicity
- sulfa-allergy
97
what loop diuretic can you give instead if the pt has a sulfa-allergy?
ethacrynic acid
98
what are the s/e of ethacryic acid?
hyperuricemia
99
what are the uses of acetazolamide?
-glaucoma
-HTN
-ppx/tx altitude sickness
-met alkalosis
psuedotumor cerebri
100
what is the side affect of acetazolamide?
- met acidodsis
| - incr Cl
101
what is the clinical use of mannitol?
incr ICP
102
what is the s/e of mannitol?
- flash pulm edema
- dehydration
- low BP
103
what are the uses of ACEi?
- HTN
- nephrotic synd
- CHF
- MI
- protect kidneys in DM
104
what are the s/e of ACEi?
- incr K
- cough
- teratogenic (renal agenesis)
- angioedema
- decr Cr
- decr GFR
105
what conditions are C/I to ACEi use?
- severe asthma
| - C1 esterase def (angioedema)
106
what are the uses of hydrochlorithiazides?
- HTN
- Edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephropathy, pulm edema)
- HyperCalciuria (high urinary Ca)
107
what are the s/e of hydrochlorothiazides?
-hypoK metabolic alkalosis
-HYPER GLUC
incr blood Glucose
incr lipids
incr uricemia
incr Ca
108
what are the K+ sparing diuretics?
- spironolactone
- eplerenone
- amiloride
- triamterine
109
what are the s/e of K+ sparing diuretics?
- incr K
- arrhythmias
- gynecomastia
- amenorrhea
- decr libido
110
what is the tx for hyperkalemia?
- Cagluconate (stabalize myocytes)
- insulin + glucose (shift into cells)
- kayexolate (poop it out)
- HCO3-
- Albuterol
111
what happens if you correct hypoNa too quickly?
-cause osmotic demyelination synd (ODS)
112
what are the MCCs of incr Ca?
1. hyperparathyroidism
2. Ca
* *honorable mention = constipation, milk-alkali synd
113
ASA OD leads to what metabolic derangement?
(early) resp alkalosis --> met acidosis (late)
114
what acid base disturbance is seen in preg women?
resp alkalosis (as baby grows -->shallow, fast breathing b/c can't expand lungs all the way)
115
what has muddy brown casts?
ATN
116
pt presents w/ drowsiness, asterixis, n, friction rub and h/o CKD. dx = ?
uremic pericarditis
117
Which RTA has abn HCO3 absorption + rickets?
type 2
118
which nephropathy presents w/ deafness?
Alport synd
119
which nephropathies present w/ hemoptysis?
- goodpasture's synd
| - wegners
120
pt presents w/ palpable purpura + GI complaints. which nephropathy?
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
121
fatty casts = ?
nephrotic synd
122
what is the MCC nephrotic synd?
Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis (FSGS)
123
waxy casts = ?
chronic renal failure
124
what brain abn is assoc w/ PCKD?
berry aneurysms
125
smoker presents w/ painless hematuria. dx until proven otherwise?
bladder ca
126
what cell type do you expect to be dysplastic in bladder ca?
transitional epithelium
127
what are the s/e of methotrexate?
| hint: think chemo man
- myelosuppression
- hepatotoxic (--> fatty changes)
- miscarriage
- pulm fibrosis
- folate def
- aplastic anemia
- oral ulcers
- hair loss
128
what is the tx for myelosuppression caused by MTX?
leucovorin
129
what are the s/e of 5-FU?
| hint: think chemo man
myelosuppression
130
what is the tx for myelosuppression caused by 5-FU?
uridine / thymidine
131
what are the s/e of 6-mercaptopurine?
| hint: think chemo man
- myelosuppression
- abd pain
- jaundice
132
what is the use of cladribine?
hairy cell leukemia
133
what is the clinical use of dactomycin (actinomycin-d)? (hint: think kids tumors)
- Wilms tumor
| - ewing sarcoma
134
what are the s/e of doxyrubicin?
| hint: think chemo man
dilated cardiomyopathy
135
what do you need to do in pts on doxyrubicin to monitor for toxicity?
ECHO
136
how do you tx the s/e of Doxyrubicin?
dexrazoxane (Fe chelator)
137
what is the s/e of Bleomycin?
| hint: think chemo man
pulm fibrosis
138
what are the s/e of Busulfan?
| hint: think chemo man
- pulm fibrosis
- myelosuppression
- hyperpigmentation
139
what is the s/e of cyclophosphamide?
| hint: think chemo man
hemorrhagic cystitis
140
how do you tx the hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide?
- MESNA
| - stop drug
141
what is the s/e of VinBlastin?
| hint: think chemo man
myelosuppression (blasts the BM)
142
what is the s/e of Vincristine?
| hint: think chemo man
- peripheral neuropathy
| - paralytic ileus
143
what are the clinical uses of hydroxyurea?
- sickle cell dz
- CML
- melanoma
144
what are the clinical uses of the ca drugs ending in -taxol?
- ovarian ca
| - breast ca
145
what is the clinical use of tamoxifen?
breast ca
146
what is the s/e of tamoxifen?
- endometrial hyperplasia
| - incr risk endometrial ca
147
what other SERM is used to tx breast ca but is not associated w/ incr risk endometrial ca?
raloxifen
148
what is the clinical use of traztuzimab?
Her2+ breast ca
149
what is the s/e of traztuzimab?
cardiotoxicity
150
what 2 drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
1. cyclophosphamide
| 2. iphosphamide
151
what are the s/e of cisplatin?
| hint: think chemo man
- ototoxicity
| - nephrotoxicity
152
how can you prevent the renal toxicity associated w/ cisplatin?
coadminister w/ amifostine
153
antidote to heparin toxicity?
protamine sulfate
154
how do you tx warfarin OD?
- emergent: Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) >> FFP
| - replace vit k
155
which can you give to pregnant women heparin or warfarin?
heparin
| keeps baby heppy
156
what are the s/e of cyclosporine?
| reminder: not on chemo man
- neurotoxic
- nephrotoxic
- gingeval hyperplasia
157
what drugs cause gingeval hyperplasia?
- cyclosporine
- verapamil
- phenytoin
158
(t 9:22) is associated w/ what condition?
CML (t 9:22) = BRC-ABL fusion protein
159
(t 8:14) is associated w/ what condition?
Burkitt lymphoma
| the 8 looks like a B. all NH-lymphomas have a 14
160
(t 11:14) is associated w/ what condition?
Mantle cell lymphoma
| overlay the numbers 11 and 14 and you can make an M. all NH-lymphomas have a 14
161
(t 14:18) is associated w/ what condition?
Follicular
(all NH-lymphomas have a 14. Follicular = Flower.
18 has an 8 which rhymes w/ Mate. Give flowers to your mate to prevent Brc2 up.)
162
(t 15:17) is associated w/ what condition?
AML type M3 (which has the Auer rods)
163
ecluzimab is used to tx what two conditions? (hint: think hemolytic anemia)
1. PNH
| 2. atypical HUS
