SBSI drills W2 (F) Flashcards
Endo, neuro, psych & pulm Deck is full
1
Q
What are the 3 rapid acting insulins
A
LAG
Lispro
Aspart
Glulicine
2
Q
Rapid acting insulin s/e
A
hypoglycemia
3
Q
What is the short acting insulin?
A
regular insulin
4
Q
What is the intermediate acting insulin?
A
NPH
5
Q
What are the 2 long acting insulins?
A
- detemir
2. glargine
6
Q
What is the 1st line tx DM2?
A
Lifestyle mods (diet = low carb, exercise =150 min/wk, weight loss)
7
Q
What is the 2nd line tx for DM2? (bonus: what is the top choice for non-CKD pts)
A
PO DM medications
1st choice = metformin
8
Q
Why should metformin be avoided in pts w/ renal insufficiency?
A
they can/will develop lactic acidosis
9
Q
metformin s/e
A
- lactic acidosis
- GI upset
10
Q
3 sulfonylureas
A
- glipizide
- glyburide
- glimeparide
11
Q
sulfonylurea s/e
A
- hypoglycemia
- weight gain
- SIADH
12
Q
Thiozolidinedione suffix
A
= ___glitazones
13
Q
Glitazone s/e
A
- CHF
- weight gain
-edema
[big hearted (CHF, edema) Aretha Franklin (fat)]
14
Q
alpha-glucosidase inhib s/e
A
diarrhea, bloating, abd pain
pt presents w/ lactose intolerance s/s
15
Q
What are the 3 GLP-1 analogs?
A
- exenotide
- dulaglutide
- liraglutide
16
Q
What are the 2 alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
A
- acarbose
2. miglitol
17
Q
What are the GLP-1 analog s/e?
A
- pancreatitis
- delayed gastric emptying
18
Q
Which PO DM meds cause weight loss?
A
- GLP-1 analogs (acarbose, miglitol)
- Biguanides (metformin)
- SGLT2 (__gliflozin)
19
Q
Which class of PO DM meds is weight neutral?
A
DPP-4 inhibitors (___gliptins)
20
Q
Which PO DM meds cause weight gain?
A
- sulfonylureas (glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride)
- meglitinides (___glinide)
- glitazones
21
Q
What are the SGLT-2 drugs?
A
=___gliflozin
22
Q
SGLT-2 s/e
A
- UTI (b/c peeing out excess glucose)
- ketoacidosis
- metabolic acidosis
- incr K
23
Q
demeclocycline uses
A
- Infec
- SIADH
24
Q
demeclocycline s/e
A
- DI (nephrogenic)
- teeth discoloration
25
Clinical use of levothyroxine =
hypothyroidism
26
levothyroxine s/e =
s/s of hyperthyroidism
27
What do you need to do to manage pregnant pts on levothyroxine?
adjust dosage (incr) throughout pregnancy due to physiologic changes of pregnancy
28
desmopressin use =
```
CHEVy
Central DI
Hemophilia
Enuresis
von-willebrand dz
```
29
Clinical uses PTU and methimazole = ?
hyperthyroidism
30
PTU s/e
1. agranulocytosis
2. aplastic anemia
3. hepatotoxicity
31
methimazole s/e
teratogen (aplasia cutis)
32
Hyperthyroidism tx during pregnancy
1st trimester = PTU
2nd trimester = methimazole
3rd trimester = methimazole
```
methimazole = teratogenic during 1st trimester
PTU = liver toxic (3rd trimester esp)
```
33
Oxytocin use
- induce labor
- control post-partum hemorrhage
- abortion
- milk let down
34
glucocorticoid s/e
- adrenal insufficiency (sudden withdrawal of LT use)/ addison's dz
- Cushing syndrome
- avascular necrosis
35
Cinacalcet use
hypercalcemia 2/2 1*/2* hyperparathyroidism
36
Cinacalcet s/e
hypocalcemia
37
What drugs can cause SIADH?
```
CCNDS
Cyclophosphamide
Carbamazepine
NSAIDs
Desmopressin
SSRIs
```
38
Rasburicase uses
long term gout tx
| tumor lysis syndrome
39
What are 3 meds that cause nephrogenic DI?
1. demeclocycline
2. lithium
3. amphotericin B
40
What are the uses of hydroxychloroquine?
- SLE
- arthritis
- tx/ppx malaria
41
What are the s/e of hydroxychloroquine?
vision changes (blurry vision or halos)
42
pilocarpine uses
- glaucoma (closed and open angle)
| - sjrogen's synd
43
pyridostigmine use
myasthenia gravis
44
neostigmine uses
- post-op ileus
| - myasthenia gravis
45
fiostigmine used to tx what OD?
atropine OD
46
Tx for alzheimer's dz
1. donepazil (acetylcholinesterase inhib)
2. rivastigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhib)
3. galantamine (acetylcholinesterase inhib)
4. memantine (NMDA antag)
47
Edrophonium use
dx myasthenia gravis
| Tensilon test
48
clincal use of carbachol?
glaucoma (drug decr IOP)
49
latinoprost use
glaucoma
50
clinical uses of opiods
- analgesia
- diarrhea
- cough suppressant
- heroine withdrawal (methadone)
51
dantrolene uses
- malig hyperthermia
| - NMS
52
3 drugs to tx NMS
1. dantrolene
2. bromocriptine
3. amantadine
53
Tx opiod OD
naloxone
54
naltrexone use
cut opioid cravings
55
tramadol s/e
- serotonin syndrome
- decr seizure threshhold
- opioid s/e (constip, resp depression)
56
what are 3 ester local anesthetics?
- procaine
- cocaine
- tetracaine
57
what is an amide local anesthetic?
lidocaine
58
succinylcholine s/e
- malig hyperthermia
- hyperkalemia
- hypercalcemia
59
how to tx essential tremor?
propranolol
60
amantadine uses
- NMS
- parkinson's
- influ A
61
triptans s/e
coronary vasospasm (C/I CAD and prinzmetal)
62
absence seizure tx=
- ethosuximide
- valproic acid
- lamotrigine
63
status epilepticus tx=
```
1st = benzo (IV)
2nd = phenytoin
3rd = phenobarb
```
64
pulmonary HTN tx = ?
- long term O2
- Bosentan
- Sildenafil
- Iloprost
65
Bosentan s/e = ?
hepatotoxic
66
n-acetyl cystein uses?
- acetaminophen OD
| - cystic fibrosis (loosens mucous)
67
TB tx =
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Acute infec = RIPE X2mos --> RI x4mos
Latent infec = INH x9 mos
68
Isoniazid s/e
- peripheral neuropathy
- drug induced lupus
- hapatotoxic
- inhib cyp450
69
What should be given w/ isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathies?
pyridoxine (vit b6)
70
Ethambutol s/e
optic neuritis (will see red and green)
71
rifampin s/e
all secretions will be red/orange
| -cyp450
72
what drug is similar to rifampin but has less effect on cyp450?
rifabutin
73
Medical tx bipolar disorder?
1. lithium
2. valproate
3. carbamazepine = lamotrgine
74
Tx bipolar depression =
- quetiapine
| - larasidone
75
Lithium C/I if ...
- pregnant
| - decr renal function
76
Valproate C/I if ...
- pregnant
| - liver damage
77
clozapine s/e
- agranulocytosis
| - weight gain
78
olanzapine s/e
weight gain
79
risperidone s/e
- gynecomastia
- incr prolactin
- lactation
80
ziprasidone s/e
QT prolongation
81
acute dystonia tx =
1. diphenhydramine
| 2. benztropine
82
akathisia tx=
1. benztropine
2. propranolol
3. lorazepam
83
bradykinesia tx =
1. benztropine
| 2. amantadine
84
chlorpromazine s/e =
corneal deposits
85
thyoridizine s/e =
retinal deposits / brown tinted vision
86
lithium uses
1. bipolar
| 2. SIADH
87
lithium s/e
```
Leukocytosis
Insipidus (nephrogenic DI)
HypoThyroid
Heart (ebstein's anomaly)
i
Unwanted Movement (tremor)
```
88
buspirone use
GAD
89
trazidone uses
1. depression
| 2. insomnia
90
trazidone s/e
1. priapism
| 2. hypotension
91
duloxetine (cymbalta) uses
- depression
| - diabetic neuropathy!!
92
venlafaxine (effexir)
- depression
- GAD
- panic disorder
