SB9e Cellular respiraqtion Flashcards
What do organisms require a constant supply of energy for?
o Movement.
o Homeostasis and keeping warm.
o Producing and breaking down substances (metabolism).
o Repair.
Name the two types of respiration.
Aerobic
Anaerobic
What does Aerobic respiration require and where does it take place?
requires oxygen, takes place in the mitochondria.
What does Anaerobic respiration require and where does it take place?
no oxygen, takes place in the cytoplasm.
State the formula of aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water
What changes occur during exercise and why?
o the heart rate increases.
o the rate and depth of breathing increases.
o the arteries supplying the muscles dilate
These changes help to provide oxygen and glucose to muscles and
remove carbon dioxide more quickly
How does Regular exercise strengthen the heart?
o the heart to become bigger.
o the amount of blood pumped by the heart to increase.
o the walls of the heart to become thicker and stronger.
Why does the resting pulse rate get slower as a person becomes fitter?
This happens because their heart is stronger therefore has a more efficient pump which means that it requires a less amount of beats to pump blood round the body
When is Anaerobic respiration useful?
Anaerobic respiration is useful when a burst of energy is needed
without oxygen being available
When does anaerobic respiration occur and give me its formula.
If oxygen is used up faster than it is supplied, the cells start carrying out
anaerobic respiration, which produces lactic acid.
Glucose -> Lactic Acid
Why is this important in the animal kingdom?
This is important for animals that may need to move fast, such as when
sprinting to get away from a predator
What effect does anaerobic respiration have
o Causes muscles to tire more easily because there is less energy.
o Produces lactic acid that can cause pain (for example, lactic acid build up in the heart occurs when coronary arteries are blocked and can lead to cell death).
o Decreases the pH inside cells (this can lead to enzymes denaturing).
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
What is the preposE of EPOC?
o replace the oxygen lost from blood and muscles.
o and to oxidise lactic acid so that it can be removed.
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?
fermentation
What is the formula for fermentation?
Glucose Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
What are the uses for the products of fermentation?
The ethanol can be used for brewing and the
CO2 can be used for bread and cheese
making
State the Core practical for respiration rates
Organisms respire, producing CO2 and water.
The soda lime absorbs the CO2.
This creates a drop in pressure so the coloured liquid in the capillary tube moves towards the chamber.
The distance moved by the liquid in a fixed time can be used to calculate the rate of respiration
State the necessary controls for the core practical respiration rates experiment and how they affect the result.
o Temperature– temperature affects the rate of enzymatic reactions. Respiration is a series of enzymatic reactions so temperature needs to be maintained. This can be done with a water bath.
o Soda lime (or KOH) – to absorb CO2.
o Glass beads (sometimes) – to have the same mass on the other side of the respirometer
